Background: Periodontal disease is caused by subgingival bacteria that adversely affect the host immune system and create and maintain unmitigated inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues. The condition is also linked to systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and arthritis. Periodontitis elevates the bacterial load and spreads systemic inflammation through infection and inflammation. The main radiographic sign of periodontitis is marginal bone loss. Risk factors, including medications, smoking, age, and gender, are known to influence periodontal health. However, there is little information about the impact of systemic conditions, and medications on tooth wear.
Aim: To assess the association between systemic conditions and medications and radiographic signs of tooth wear (TW) and marginal bone loss (MBL) .
Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on a group of 2223 consecutive patients who came for dental treatment in the clinics of a large HMO in Israel. Data available for the study included details of concomitant systemic diseases and medication and full-mouth radiographic surveys. Odds ratio and logistic regression analysis were used to detect associations between systemic conditions and medication, and MBL and TW .
Results: The results indicated an elevated odds ratio for TW associated with age, gender, and smoking across all age groups. Among young patients, those using proton pump inhibitors and psychiatric medications had an elevated risk of TW. Age, smoking, and diabetes conditions were associated with an increased odds ratio for MBL in all age groups. Psychiatric medications and gender elevated the odds ratio for MBL only among older patients.
Conclusion: Our results highlight the significant impact of age, gender, and smoking on tooth wear and extend these risks to alveolar bone loss when combined with diabetes and psychiatric conditions.
Keywords: alveolar marginal bone loss, tooth attrition, risk factors, gender