Purpose: The aims of this prospective study were to: (1) determine clinical and radiographic success and survival rates of implants placed in a staged procedure after sinus augmentation; and (2) compare the success and survival rate of implants in two patient groups with different ridge height prior to treatment (those with minimal residual crestal bone [= 3.5 mm] below the sinus and those with moderate residual crestal bone [> 3.5 mm]). Materials and Methods: The study used anorganic bovine bone-derived mineral and autogenous bone for the sagittal sandwich bone augmentation technique, a collagen membrane to protect the sinus window, and a staged approach for implant placement; all implants featured an anodized surface. Results: Two hundred forty-five implants were placed in 100 sinus sites (79 patients), and 244 have survived to date. The cumulative success and survival rates of all implants overall at 5 years were 96.5% (SE 2.0%) and 99.6% (SE 0.4%), respectively. The overall success and survival rates at 5 years for implants placed into minimal residual crestal bone were 94.1% (SE 3.4%) and 99.4% (SE 0.6%), respectively. For implants placed into moderate crestal bone, overall success and survival rates were both 100.0% (SE 0.0%). Conclusions: Success of implants placed after sinus augmentation appears similar to implants placed in native bone when a classical submerged implant healing time of 6 months is used. The success and survival rates and crestal bone remodeling of implants placed in minimal residual crestal bone were comparable to those of implants placed in moderate residual crestal bone. Keywords: clinical trial, dental implants, posterior maxilla, sinus grafting, staged procedure