Dental stem cells are excellent for oral and craniofacial tissue engineering. A profound knowledge about molecular processes in dental stem cells is necessary to create treatment approaches in oral medicine. Transcription factors regulate gene expression and provide decisive information for cellular functions. In recent years, the authors have investigated transcriptomes in dental stem cells before and after osteogenic differentiation. The present paper reports on the potential role of selected transcription factors, including ZBTB16, TP53, and SP1, in dental stem cell differentiation. This review discusses putative molecular processes in dental stem cells and summarizes the current knowledge.