A histological evaluation of an amalgam replacement material in comparison to conventional resin systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate application and adhesive effects of an amalgam replacing material compared to a composite and a compomer system.40 two-sided cavities were prepared in 20 freshly extracted and caries-free molars.20 of these cavities were [ according to the rules of amalgam restaurations.The samples were filled with Ariston pHc© according to the manufacturer's instructions.The remaining 20 cavities were restored with a composite system or a compomere system respectively using the adhesive technique.After Thermocycling (2200 cycles) for light microscopic and SEM investigations, a plastic embedding technique was used to cut the undecalcified teeth in sections of 20 µm thickness.The samples were examined regarding homogenicity, gap formation, bubbles and marginal adaption.Significant differences did not occur in between the different materials. Light microscope and SEM showed a comparable number of bubbles and gaps in all investigated groups. The terraced outline of the of the cavities prepared for the amalgam replacing material was accomponied with an increasing number of gaps and bubbles at the angles between bottom of the cavity and the axial wall and the axial wall and the approximal shoulder. Keywords: Amalgamersatzmaterial, Amalgamersatz, Komposit, Kompomer, Thermocycling, REM, Trenndünnschliff, Spalt, Blase