This study evaluated the ability of collagen membranes to act as biodegradable barriers that interfere with colonization of the root surface by gingival cells and allow selective repopulation of the denuded root surface by periodontal ligament-derived tissue. Over a 3-year period, experimental and control surgical procedures were performed on canine teeth in six beagle dogs and on premolars in three beagle dogs. Results showed that the membranes partially prevented apical migration of epithelium during healing. Regeneration of new cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament-like tissue was found in the studied premolars but notably absent on the canines.