Purpose: The present study evaluated the hypothesis that implants inserted at bone level or supracrestally have different outcomes in single tooth replacements against the alternative hypothesis of no difference. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a randomised, split-mouth, controlled pilot trial. Ten patients, each missing two bicuspids or molars, were treated with 20 implants featuring 0.75 mm of machined collar. Each patient randomly received one implant inserted at bone level (BL) and one inserted 0.75 mm to 1 mm above the alveolar crest (SC), measured with a periodontal probe during surgery. All the implants were inserted into healed healthy bone with an insertion torque ranging between 35 Ncm and 45 Ncm. Both implants were loaded with screw-retained acrylic-resin temporary crowns 3 months after implant insertion and 3 months later with screw-retained zirconia-ceramic definitive crowns. Outcome measures were implant/crown failures, biological and prosthetic complications, radiographic marginal bone level changes (MBL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Clinical data were collected at baseline (implant insertion) and 1 year after implant placement (9 months after initial loading). Results: After 1 year of follow-up, no patients dropped out, no implants failed, and no complications occurred. The mean MBL at the 1-year follow-up was 0.28 ± 0.21 mm in the SC group and 0.93 ± 0.37 mm in the BL group. While the difference in MBL was statistically significant between the two treatment groups (difference 0.65 ± 0.34; 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01; P = 0.0001), the soft-tissue parameters were not statistically different. The mean PPD was 2.63 ± 2.4 in the SC group and 2.40 ± 0.70 in the BL group (P = 0.419) and mean BOP was 0.50 ± 0.71 in the SC group and 0.40 ± 0.70 in the BL group (P = 0.754). Conclusions: The smooth-collar implants inserted supracrestally showed 0.7 mm less radiographic marginal bone loss compared with implants inserted at the bone level 9 months after loading. Schlagwörter: bone level, dental implants, machined collar. single implant, supracrestally Conflict of interest statement: This study was partially supported in term of products by Nobel Biocare (Grant 2013-1215).