Purpose: The purpose of this article was to investigate the distribution of endosseous bony canals in the anterior mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology. Materials and Methods: Two hundred ninety-nine images based on CBCT of the anterior mandible were analyzed for the presence of endosseous canals. The bony canals were observed in relationship to the adjacent anatomical structures, and relationships between their topographic variability and patient age and gender were analyzed. Results: Bony canals were found in the anterior mandible in almost 86% of the examined patients, independent of age and gender. The highest regional frequency was seen in the midline area, followed by the lateral incisor and canine regions. The length of the canals ranged from 5 to 15 mm (mean, 10.55 mm). Multiple (two or three) canals were also observed in approximately 9% of the scans. Varying appearances of these bony canals in the symphysis region were also demonstrated. Conclusions: Endosseous canals in the mandibular symphysis were found using CBCT scans. CBCT seems to be an important diagnostic technique for evaluation of the exact distribution of bony canals in the symphysis region that may help reduce the risk of surgical complications. Keywords: anterior mandible, blood vessels, complications, cone beam computed tomography