This study evaluated the influence of prosthodontic status on caries and periodontal disease in a hospitalized population of elderly people. Among the data gathered was information on caries, gingival condition, oral hygiene, plaque accumulation, and factors related to the prevalence, type, and quality of the prostheses present. There was no significant association between the type of rehabilitation and the economic, social, or educational variables, but it appeared that removable partial denture wearers had less concern for oral health. Root caries and periodontal diseases were more frequent when the restoration, eighter fixed or removable, was defective. The results of this study indicate the importance of oral hygiene instruction and regular recalls among removable partial denture wearers.