This study aimed to evaluate the wear resistance of artificial teeth when opposed by antagonists made from the same material. The artificial teeth tested included ceramic teeth, nanofilled composite resin teeth, acrylic resin teeth, and experimental acrylic resin teeth. After 600,000 chewing cycles, the mean total vertical substance loss and mean volume loss for acrylic resin and experimental acrylic resin teeth were significantly lower than for ceramic and composite resin teeth. Composite resin teeth showed more wear than ceramic teeth, while acrylic resin teeth showed less wear than ceramic teeth. However, scanning electron microscopy and laser-scanner observations showed that acrylic resin teeth exhibited deformation at the contact surfaces.