Arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive procedure that is thought to reduce inflammation by removing damaging molecules and inflammatory mediators from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In many clinics, it is common to flush the joint with anti-inflammatory medications, usually some form of corticosteroid, following the procedure. The aim of this article is to review the rationale, risks, and effectiveness of arthrocentesis of the TMJ. Keywords: TMJ, arthrocentesis