Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and human freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) were compared in five patients undergoing bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation using DBBM on one side and FDBA on the contralateral side. After 9 months, core biopsy specimens were harvested. Mean newly formed bone values were 31.8% and 27.2% at FDBA and DBBM sites, respectively (P = .451); mean residual graft particle values were 21.5% and 24.2%, respectively (P = .619); and mean connective tissue values were 46.7% and 48.6%, respectively (P = .566). Within the limits of the present study, it is suggested that both graft materials are equally suitable for sinus augmentation.