Free mucous membrane grafts and connective soft tissue grafts have been considered the gold standard in oral soft tissue regeneration for a long period of time. Due to the morbidity while harvesting autogenous soft tissue grafts, xenogeneic collagen matrices of porcine origin were recently developed. Next to soft tissue regeneration, these collagen matrices have also been reported to be suitable for bone regeneration in the context of bone graft stabilization and shielding techniques. Collagen matrices are classed as medical devices, and are produced in a complex treatment and cleaning process. With respect to the individual area of indication, collagen matrices are produced from porcine dermis, pericardium, or peritoneum. The advantages and limitations of collagen matrices in comparison to autogenous soft tissue grafts in the different indication areas are controversially discussed. There might be evidence that these collagen matrices are able to reach similar outcomes to autogenous soft tissue grafts in certain indications. Currently, a final assessment of this relevant question is not possible cause of a lack of evidence-based data. Originally published (in German) in Quintessenz Zahnmedizin 2019;70:64–76) Keywords: acellular, barrier matrix, collagen matrix, collagen type I/III, guided bone regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, porcine scaffold, remodeling matrix, xenogeneic matrix