Endosseous implants have traditionally been surgically placed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, periodontists, and general practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine surgical referral patterns for patients receiving implants in the treatment of partial edentulism. The records of 542 patients who received 1,313 implants between 1993 and 1997 were analyzed. Data relative to anatomic area, patient demographics, type of implant system, and any complication encountered were collected. Surgical cohorts were compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum or chi-square tests, and complication rates were estimated using survival analysis methods. Results indicate no significant difference (P > .05) between cohorts with regard to placement of implants in the anatomic locations of the anterior mandible, anterior maxilla, posterior mandible, and posterior maxilla. Patient demographic information was not statistically different, with the exception of mean patient age, where oral and maxillofacial surgeons have seen younger patients (P .0001). Relatively few complications were seen, with no significant difference in complication rates between cohorts (P > .05). The type of implant system used showed no significant difference with respect to anatomic location or complication occurrence (P > .05). This study indicates that implant surgical referral patterns were similar in this setting between periodontal and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, with the only difference being a tendency to refer younger patients to the oral surgeons. Keywords: oral surgeon, partial edentulism, periodontist, referral trends