Purpose: A prospective human clinical study was conducted to determine the clinical and histologic bone formation ability of 2 graft materials, a ß-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb; Curasan, Kleinostheim, Germany) and autogenous chin bone, in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy patients underwent a bilateral (n = 6) or unilateral (n = 4) maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure under local anesthesia. In each case, residual posterior maxillary bone height was between 4 and 8 mm. In cases of bilateral sinus floor elevation, the original bone was augmented with a split-mouth design with 100% ß-tricalcium phosphate on the test side and 100% chin bone on the contralateral control side. The unilateral cases were augmented with 100% ß-tricalcium phosphate. After a healing period of 6 months, ITI full body screw-type implants (Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland) were placed. At the time of implant surgery, biopsy samples were removed with a 3.5-mm trephine drill. Results: Sixteen sinus floor elevations were performed. Forty-one implants were placed, 26 on the test side and 15 on the control side. The clinical characteristics at the time of implantation differed, especially regarding clinical appearance and drilling resistance. The increase in height was examined radiographically prior to implantation and was found to be sufficient in all cases. After a mean of nearly 1 year of follow-up, no implant losses or failures had occurred. Discussion: The promising clinical results of the present study and the lack of implant failures are probably mainly the result of requiring an original bone height of at least 4 mm at the implant location. Conclusion: Although autogenous bone grafting is still the gold standard, according to the clinical results, the preimplantation sinus floor elevation procedure used, which involved a limited volume of ß-tricalcium phosphate, appeared to be a clinically reliable procedure in this patient population.