Purpose: To investigate the bond strength and durability of a novel dual-curing composite cement to zirconia under different curing conditions.
Materials and Methods: Zirconia plates of different thickness (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) were bonded with either a novel dual-curing composite cement (Panavia V5, PV5, Kuraray Noritake) or a traditional one (RelyX Ultimate, RUL, 3M Oral Care; Multilink Automix, MLA, Ivoclar Vivadent), in light-, self-, or dual-curing mode. Bonded specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) tests after 24 h of water storage or after artificially aging by 20,000 thermal cycles plus 150 days of water storage. The degree of conversion (DC) of the composite cements under different curing conditions was measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The irradiance and translucency of the zirconia plates of different thickness were also investigated.
Results: The irradiance and translucency of zirconia decreased significantly with increasing thickness (p = 0.00). Both before and after aging, SBS of PV5 in self-curing mode was significantly higher than that of RUL (p = 0.07 before aging and 0.02 after aging) and MLA (p = 0.00 both before and after aging). However, for the three composite cements, light- and dual curing yielding the same SBSs for a constant Y-TZP thickness (p > 0.05). The FTIR analysis showed that, for all three dual-curing composite cements examined in this study, the mean DC values obtained in dual-curing mode were lower than those achieved in light-curing mode (p = 0.00 for PV5, RUL, and MLA). For RUL and MLA, lower mean DC values were obtained in self-curing than dual-curing mode (p = 0.00 for both RUL and MLA), while the DC values of PV5 showed no significant difference between self-curing and dual-curing mode (p = 0.33).
Conclusion: When the photoactivation time is 60 s and the thickness of the zirconia restoration is less than 2 mm, it is safe to use the two traditional dual-curing composite cements RUL and MLA and PV5 for bonding zirconia. However, when the light exposure time is insufficient, PV5 provides improved bond strength and durability to zirconia.