Purpose: To assess the effect of nongrafted and grafted materials on transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with implant placement.
Materials and Methods: Relevant studies published between January 1, 1994, and July 31, 2021, were selected by searching Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study subjects were restricted to humans, and the language was limited to English. The study was confined to randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and observational studies (prospective and retrospective cohort) related to TSFE with and without bone-grafting materials. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and conducted quality assessments according to the Cochrane handbook and NOS scale. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software were then used to analyze the research data that met the inclusion criteria.
Results: A total of nine articles were included, including 421 implants in the graft group and 502 implants in the nongraft group. Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the implant failure rate (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06, P = .08) or marginal bone loss (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI: –0.23, –0.35, P = .69) between implants with and without graft materials after TSFE. The amount of endosinus bone gain in the nongraft group was significantly lower than that in the graft group (SMD = –1.07, 95% CI: –1.73: –0.41, P = .0001).
Conclusion: TSFE in implants with or without grafting can achieve similar results, but there may be more bone gain in TSFE with grafting.