International Poster Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine, 02/2020

Background: In this case report, we represent a healthy 26-year-old patient with an oral hairy leukoplakia who is HIV-seronegative. Case presentation: The histological sample showed all typical signs for oral hairy leukoplakia, including balloon cells; however, the in situ hybridisation showed a negative result for an EBV infection, which is the common sign for oral hairy leukoplakia. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest the unusual diagnosis of "pseudo oral hairy leukoplakia" in this special case. Keywords: oral hairy leukoplakia, HIV-negative, pseudo oral hairy leukoplakia

Introduction: Facial aesthetics is in great demand. One's smile forms an indispensable component of aesthetics. Excessive gingival display while smiling affects the aesthetics adversely. Altered passive eruption is often a cause for it. The treatment modality to be adopted is influenced by various factors, such as the position of the cemento-enamel junction, the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest, lip position, maxillary skeletal hyperplasia, etc. Objective: To improve the aesthetics in patients with altered passive eruption Materials and methods: Two patients reported to the Department of Periodontics, PGIDS, Rohtak with a chief complaint of "gummy smile". In case I, upon clinical and radiographic examination, a gingival display of 10mm and short clinical crown length of 8 mm with hypermobile upper lip were observed. Internal bevel gingivectomy with lip repositioning were done under local anaesthesia. In case II, clinical and radiographic examination revealed a gingival display of 9 mm, crown length 8mm with normal lip length and maxillary position and a positive frenal pull. Internal bevel gingivectomy with osseous reduction and frenectomy were performed under local anaesthesia. Results: In both the cases, 10mm of clinical crown length was achieved. At 1 ,3, and 6 months' follow up, the crown length was maintained and a proper smile line was achieved. Conclusion: Periodontal plastic surgery led to successful treatment of altered passive eruption. Correct case selection is of paramount importance for the positive outcome of the treatment. Keywords: Altered Passive Eruption

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for almost 90% of head and neck cancers. Currently the most important prognostic factor is TNM staging but the poor survivability of a cohort of patients with low TNM staging has emphasized the need of new grading schemes. Recently, the WHO has considered tumour budding as a novel grading scheme with a high impact on patient outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. This study was undertaken to probe whether tumour budding could be applied to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as a novel grading scheme. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of tumour budding with the clinicopathologic features and to evaluate its prognostic significance for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methodology: 30 cases of HNSCC were examined for tumour characteristics, grade, and tumour budding. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the correlation of tumour budding with clinicopathologic parameters and patient survival. Discussion and Conclusions: Tumour budding was observed in 90.33% of cases, with a mean tumour bud count of 8.5 (range from 1 to 32 buds). High intensity budding (>5 tumour buds) was observed in 18 cases (60%). Statistical analysis revealed that tumour budding was associated with tumour size, differentiation, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis, which correlated with reduced overall survival. In conclusion, the significant association of "Tumour Budding" with the various morphological parameters verifies the almost perfect transferability of this highly prognostic, easily applicable novel grading scheme as a strong predictor of patient outcomes in head and neck SCC. Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck cancers, TNM staging, tumour budding, novel grading system

Florid cementum-bone dysplasia is a benign fibro-bone lesion found in the support areas of the teeth without a neoplastic component. It has multifocal involvement throughout the mandibular region. It is bilateral and is present in all quadrants with a periapical pattern. More than 90% of patients are black women in their 50s. Asians are also affected. It is usually asymptomatic and is mostly a radiographic finding. When there is pain it is of low intensity. Radiographically, the lesions may be radiolucent, mixed or radiopaque. Affects areas with teeth and edentulous areas. Case report of a healthy female patient, Brazilian nationality, black, 35 years old. She had her first appointment at the university stomatology clinic in 2009, after being referred by a dentist who had performed orthopantomography to begin orthodontic treatment. The patient was asymptomatic. Extraoral examination showed no changes. In the intraoral examination, only a few teeth were restored. Radiographically, multiple radiolucent and multiple radiopaque mixed lesions were visualised, involving the anterior and posterior regions of the mandible. This clinical and radiographic picture was compatible with florid cementum-bone dysplasia. The annual follow-up of the patient is performed. At 2018 follow-up, nine years after the pathology was diagnosed, there was no regression of dysplasia and the patient remained asymptomatic. Given the clinical and radiographic characteristics of the lesion, the diagnosis was objective and there was no need for biopsy, being that non-neoplastic lesions do not require treatment. However, periodic follow-up of lesions and symptomatology should be maintained. The major complication described in the literature is the infection reported as osteomyelitis, in which the dentist should be alert. Implant placement is compromised. Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated. Keywords: dysplasia, florid cementum dysplasia, oral medicine, benign lesion, radiopaque, radiolucent

Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field, where nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology interact with the life sciences. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used as delivery vehicles for pharmaceutical agents, as bioactive materials. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are gaining importance owing to their excellent antibacterial properties. Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus), a green seaweed, is reported to have potential anti-microbial properties. In this study the green seaweed Ulva lactuca (Linnaeus) is used for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against oral pathogens studied. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy for the surface plasmon resonance, and morphology of the nanoparticles was analysed using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The crystalline nature of the green seaweed mediated nanoparticles was analysed using X-ray Diffraction assay (XRD). The UV-vis and XRD confirmed the synthesis of SeNPs, and TEM revealed smooth spherical nanoparticles. The antibacterial potential of synthesized SeNPs was compared with commercial antibiotics by the well diffusion method. The SeNPs at 100µl concentration significantly inhibited bacterial growth against Steptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp, and Candida albicans. This study revealed that Ulva mediated selenium nanoparticles has great potential as an oral antimicrobial agent and may be used in mouth wash and related dental products development. Keywords: green synthesis, oral pathogens, dental, marine algae, characterisation

Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro-study was to investigate the adaption behaviour and homogeneity of retrograde root canal filling materials as well as the impact of various cavity preparation forms. Methods: A total of 135 human single-rooted teeth were filled with gutta-percha after endodontic treatment. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of nine series (n=15). Specimens without retrograde root filling were used as the control group. The other specimens were divided into two subgroups according to the sonically supported retrograde preparation form (parallel or retentive preparation) which contain four material groups in each case (BiodentineTM, Pro RootTM MTA, Super-EBA^®, Ketac filTM Plus Aplicap). Afterwards three histological cuts were prepared at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm distance from the apex. The following criteria were examined using an optical microscope (5x zoom): imperfect margin, maximal marginal gap, and the number of air pockets in each section. Results: The statistical evaluation revealed significantly better results for retentive retrograde preparation regarding the proportion of imperfect margin and the amount of air pockets than parallel preparation (p≤ 0.05, Tukey's test). The pairwise comparison of maximal marginal gap showed no significant differences (p>0.05, Tukey's test). For the groups filled with Ketac filTM Plus Aplicap, a significantly higher proportion of maximal marginal gaps compared to all other materials (p≤ 0.05, Tukey's test) was evaluated. Furthermore, significant differences could be found considering imperfect margins compared to Pro Root MTA fillings, and air pockets compared to the fillings with Pro Root MTA, Biodentine and the control group (p≤ 0.05, Tukey's test). Conclusions: The preparation form and the selection of the retrograde root filling material during an apicoectomy can have a significant influence on the adaptation behaviour and homogeneity of the retrograde root filling and therefore might have an influence on the clinical outcome. Keywords: retrograde Cavities, root canal filling materials, cavity preparation

Aging phenomenon is one of the prominent concerns faced in the 21st century. It is projected that after the next two decades, an increase in the population aged 60 years or over will be half of the total growth of the world population. This study was carried out to address major oral health consideration in a geriatric population. A retrospective analysis of 3000 case records available in a Department of Oral Medicine and radiology was done. The total population was divided into three groups according to age: Group I (60-70 years), Group II (71-80 years), Group III (>80 years). Structured proforma included the patient's chief complaint, medical/drug history, clinical findings, and management strategies. The oral health status and dental treatment needs of the geriatric population attending the department from March 2017 to March 2018(1 Year) were evaluated and analysed. Common disorders found in the three groups were periodontitis, dental caries, edentulism, TM joint disorders and mucosal lesions like stomatopyrosis, xerostomia, atrophic glossitis, oral candidiasis, oral lichen planus, drug-induced oral mucosal lesions, and premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. In elderly patients, the decline in protective barrier function of the oral mucosa exposes it to oral pathogens and chemicals that enter the oral cavity during daily activities. Evidence-based research is much needed to have a better understanding of the oral health status and treatment needs of geriatric population for improving quality of life of the aging. Keywords: geriatric, oral health, mucosal lesions, periodontitis, multidisciplinary, aging

Wilson's curves are frontal, generally with superior concavity curves that bring together the tops of the vestibular and lingual cusps of two homologous teeth. To date, few variability studies have been conducted on Wilson's curves, and even fewer considering the occurrence of the teeth's abrasion. We have therefore decided to start from the frontal convergence of the dental axis passing through the first third/second third apical end of each dental root and running back to the center of each dental crown. Using the metrical and angular values measured on the 3D images of digitized mandibles, the objectives of this work are to propose a new method of measuring Wilson's curves removing the dental cusps from consideration (thus removing the impact of occlusal wear) and to compare the results with those of a conventional measurement method. Keywords: Wilson's curves, anthropology, dental axis, skulls, occlusal curves

Background and Objectives: Periodontal infections tend to be site-specific, mostly confined to the periodontal pocket. Therefore, much attention has been garnered towards local drug delivery and adjunctive agents as to prevent potential side effects and increased antibiotics resistance with systemic antimicrobials use. However, the question of the most efficient local drug delivery or adjunctive agent for dental practitioners to utilise and provide the maximum benefits to their patients remains unanswered. This review aimed to provide insight on the efficacy of current commercially available local drug delivery and adjunctive agents used in non-surgical periodontal therapy in adults treated for periodontitis. Data/Sources: The PubMed/MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid) and CENTRAL databases were searched to identify any randomised controlled human intervention studies with professionally applied local subgingival drug delivery and adjunctive agents used in the treatment of periodontitis. The search considered works published till April 2019 using specific keywords pertaining to the topic. Bibliographies from previous systematic reviews on the topic were scrutinised. Only articles published in the English language were selected, and the use of experimental or discontinued drugs was excluded. Study selection: The longest follow-up studies of each local delivery system were selected, and 24 randomised controlled trials that compared non-surgical mechanical therapy with and without an adjunctive agent were identified. The details of each system and their clinical results were summarised in table form. Conclusions: Overall, various commercially available local subgingival drug delivery and adjunctive agents have been clinically tested in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. However, the methodologies and clinical results vary within and between each system. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude and support the superiority of one local adjunctive agent over another. Further well-designed medium to long term studies are needed as their usefulness is still debatable, considering the cost-benefit ratio with modest clinical results. Keywords: periodontitis, local delivery, adjunct, non-surgical periodontal therapy, subgingival application

The coronoid process is a variably-shaped beak-like projection at the antero-superior aspect of the ramus. The entire border of the coronoid along with the medial surface provides attachment for the temporalis muscle. Previous studies have shown that the size and shape of the coronoid are correlated to the biteforce required by an individual and is dependent upon the mechanical force acting upon it during development. However, little is known about the developmental program leading to the specification of this process. The authors in this poster aim to present a unique discovery of 'Coronoid foramina' in a clinical series of 48 patients, including a pediatric variant which has never been seen or documented in the literature so far. Keywords: Coronoid foramina, bilateral variant, unilateral variant, accessory coronoid variant