The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 03/1988

The reasoning that led to the development of hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants with an open implant geometry is explained. Important criteria that were investigated in the development phase included: physiologically advantageous load transmission, a biocompatible implant material, and a surface structure favorable to biological stabilization. The reasons the ITI chose an open transmucosal system for its two-part implants are discussed. The rotation symmetrical ITI implants are presented as an integrated system; this features standardized instrumentation and common interchangeable secondary parts. Keywords: implant design, ITI implants, hollow-cylinder implants, hollow-screw implants, osseointegration

The clinical requirements that led to the development of the new ITI implant concept are discussed. This concept consists of a system of one- and two-part hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants and is characterized by a wide range of indications. The one-part implants are intended for use in edentulous mandibles as retentive anchors for bar type overdenture reconstruction. The two-part implants are intended for use in partially edentulous jaws as abutments for fixed prosthesis reconstructions. The clinical aspects of the new ITI implants are discussed and documented by case examples and early clinical results. Keywords: fixed prosthesis, hollow-cylinder implants, hollow-screw implants, ITI implants, osseointegration, overdenture

A technique has been developed to fabricate implant-supported restorations directly to Brånemark implant fixtures, bypassing the traditional transmucosal abutment cylinders. This method provides for mproved esthetics and soft-tissue health, and also solves the frequent problem of limited interocclusal space. Keywords: implant fixture, osseointegration, transmucosal abutment cylinder, UCLA abutment

The use of osseointegrated fixtures in combination with an overdenture provides a treatment alternative for functionally and cosmetically restoring the edentulous mandible. Forty-four patients were treated over a period of 2.5 years, and a 97.7% success rate was obtained for the overdentures and the individual loaded fixtures. The complications encountered were mostly nonspecific to the osseointegration technique, but were directly related to the overdenture treatment technique. Clinical results, guidelines, and limitations of this treatment are described. Keywords: edentulousness, implants, mandible, osseointegration, overdentures

A scientific basis for the design of prosthetic superstructures supported by osseointegrated implants has been largely lacking. Extensive clinical use and success with empirical designs and materials has provided the scope for analyzing stresses within a framework supported by varying numbers of implant abutments. In this preliminary report, finite element analysis was used to look at displacement and stress distribution within an osseointegrated framework. Keywords: finite element analysis, osseointegration, prosthetic framework

A clinical trial is reported in which the roots of extracted mandibular teeth were replaced by dense hydroxyapatite root replica implants (Calcitite®, Calcitek Inc, San Diego, Calif) prior to the insertion of immediate complete dentures. The degree of alveolar resorption that took place was compared in a test and control group. After a follow-up period of 1 year, patients provided with root replica implants were found to have significantly higher and wider residual ridges than control patients. Keywords: alveolar resorption, hydroxyapatite, ridge preservation

Patients with severely atrophic posterior maxillae and increased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus may lack adequate bone height for endosteal implant placement. Grafting of the maxillary sinus via a sinus lift procedure augments the atrophic ridge and allows for such implants. Grafting with bone harvested from intraoral sites has distinct advantages over other previously described techniques. Keywords: atrophic maxillae, autogenous graft, endosteal implants, sinus lift