Modern dentistry aims to preserve tooth structure using minimally invasive procedures. Chemomechanical removal of caries is a new method with the advantage of selective removal of severely demineralized dentin. In addition, the method enhances the clinician's ability to diagnose caries. Ensuring chairside caries diagnosis and removal, based on biologic principle, helps to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. However, while this method is most comfortable for the patient, treatment time is prolonged. In most cases, the method has to be used in combination with a conventional bur. Also, caries lesions in which removal of enamel or a restoration is needed cannot be treated exclusively using the chemomechanical method. This article describes the mechanism of action of the chemomechanical method (CarisolvTM) for caries removal. Indications for use of the chemomechanical method as a first-choice treatment are presented. Clinical cases in which this new approach provides a significant clinical advantage are also described. Palabras clave: chemomechanical excavation, dental caries, mechanical excavation