International Poster Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine

There is a lot of ambiguity in the armamentaria for PRF preparation, and these are frequently not fully disclosed or vary across individual studies. The standard protocol for L-PRF is running a centrifuge at 2700 rpm for 12 minutes at around 400g in tubes which have a fixed angulation of 33°. The G-force and RPM of a centrifuge are related by the formula: G-force = 1.12 X centre-of-centrifuge to tube distance X (RPM/1000)². However, there is extreme variability among centrifuges when it comes to tube angulation and the centre-of-centrifuge to tube distance. At 2700 RPM, the centrifugal force is clearly in excess of the 400g recommended in the literature. This may have detrimental effects on the PRF structure, composition, and density. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the RPM in every centrifuge to generate precisely 400g of force for preparation of PRF using the above formula. The objective of this study was to compare optical density (OD) and fibrinogen content of PRF by standard protocol vs an adjusted protocol (1650 RPM/12mins). Standard protocol was used in all three centrifuges (DUOS^®, Remi 8C^® and Remi C854^®). The adjusted protocol was derived by initially measuring the centre-of-centrifuge to tube distance. By using the formula mentioned above, the ideal RPM to generate 400g of force was calculated in two commercially available laboratory centrifuges (Remi 8C^® and Remi C854^®). While, no significant differences were present across all centrifuges, laboratory centrifuges resulted in a denser clot and higher fibrinogen content over fixed angle centrifuge (DUOS^®). Keywords: PRF, L-PRF, Centrifuge, Fibrinogen, Spectrophotometry, Optical density

An augmentation was performed in the lateral area of a mandible with an advanced bony atrophy by means of a patient-specific CAD/CAM titanium mesh based on the DAICOM data sets of the 3D imaging (DVT). Keywords: Augmentation, titanium mesh, ReOss, CAD/ CAM

Tumour-induced defects in the oral cavity and face result in serious disadvantages for the patient. In the present case, the use of an intraoral scanner (IOS) is used to enable a prosthetic rehabilitation. Keywords: prosthetic rehabilitation, microstomia, intraoral-scan, digital work-flow

Missing or reduced buccal bone plates as well as a reduced vertical dimension still represent challenges in bone augmentation and require a three-dimensional reconstruction. Modern individualised dentistry intends to provide new therapeutic concepts based on CAD/CAM technology and 3-dimensional printing. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for the clinical application of a patient-specific titanium lattice structure (Yxoss CBR^®) for customised bone regeneration. Keywords: patient-specific lattice structure, augmentation procedures, Yxoss CBR

The aim of the present study was to test whether or not one of two GBR membranes is superior to the other in terms of: i) vertical defect resolution and bucco-oral width of regenerated bone at the implant shoulder after 6 months, ii) postoperative complications and during the 6-month follow-up and, iii) histologically assessed newly formed bone at 6 months. In 27 patients, 27 implants were placed in single-tooth gaps. The augmented dehiscence defects were then randomly covered with either a resorbable membrane or a titanium-reinforced non-resorbable membrane. Both treatment modalities were clinically and radiologically effective in regenerating bone on the buccal aspect of single tooth dental implants showing dehiscence- type defects. Despite a higher initial horizontal thickness, sites with the resorbable membrane experienced a significantly higher reduction in bone thickness after 6 months compared to the non- resorbable membrane. Keywords: dental implants, guided bone regeneration, membrane, CBCT

The aim of the study was to test whether or not, for primary bone augmentation, the use of a xenogenic bone block loaded with rhBMP-2 results in similar bone quantity and quality compared to an autogenous bone block and to evaluate patient morbidity following the surgical procedure with the two treatment modalities. 24 patients requiring implant therapy for the reconstruction of 1 to 4 missing teeth and insufficient bone volume for implant placement were randomly assigned to receive one out of two treatment modalities. Both treatment modalities were successful in regenerating bone to allow for dental implant placement at 4 months. Histologically, a higher amount of mineralised tissue was observed for the control group at 4 months. The use of a second surgical site in the control group tended to a higher patient morbidity compared to the test group, but did not reach statistical significance. Keywords: dental implants, guided bone regeneration, growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein-2, autogenous bone blocks

Introduction: Of the 7000 - 8000 rare diseases known worldwide, about 15% present with orofacial involvement. Besides anomalies of dental hard tissue and oral soft tissue, craniofacial malformations, such as cleft lip, alveolus and palate as well as dentofacial deformities are notable in this context. Rare diseases, such as Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, the disease pattern of ataxia, delayed eruption of teeth, hypomyelination or leukodystrophy are associated with orofacial anomalies. The objective of this project is the establishment of a web-based registry for orofacial manifestations in rare diseases ("ROMSE"), which also includes orofacial alterations in rare neuropediatric diseases. Material and methods: Since 2011 databases (Orphanet, e-medicine, Gene-Clinics, EMA, OMIM), MEDLINE, medical literature and the grey literature have been systematically explored for "rare diseases" and evaluated with respect to associated orofacial manifestation. Such identified diseases with orofacial alterations have been included in the "ROMSE" registry in alphabetical order and made available at http://romse.org. Moreover, based on a review of literature relating to each single rare entity, specifically relevant literature has been successively entered in the register. Results: Angelman syndrome, the disease pattern of ataxia, late dentition, hypomyelination, Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, oculodentodigital dysplasia, and leukodystrophy are rare diseases associated with typical tooth anomalies (microdontia without proximal contact to adjacent teeth, atypical order of tooth eruption, enamel anomalies, tooth discoloration). Each of these registered diseases has already been recorded, including a description of the disease, listing of orofacial manifestation(s), and specifically-relevant publications or will be entered in the registry in the future. Furthermore, an assignment to categories provides the option to search the register solely according to clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Orofacial alterations can be a determining factor for differential diagnosis of rare neuropediatric diseases. Developing the "ROMSE" registry for orofacial manifestations in rare diseases provides an expert platform on the basis of which therapeutic strategies can be addressed and refined in an interdisciplinary manner. In children with multiple disabilities, even toothaches can be a big therapeutic challenge involving paediatricians, anaesthesiologists, dentists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Keywords: Rare neuropediatric diseases, orofacial manifestations

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Although many new treatment strategies have been developed, the 5-year survival rate of patients has remained at approximately 55% for the past 30 years. One of the primary reasons for treatment failure is local recurrence. P53 is one of the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor genes in OSCC and is responsible for more than 50% of all relapses in patients with surgically treated oral carcinoma and clear margins. Ki-67 is one of the most common immunohistochemical markers used to study cell proliferation and was demonstrated to be "over expressed" in epithelial cells of premalignant and malignant oral lesions. The aim of the present study is to explore p53 protein and ki-67 expression in resected margins. Method: Immunohistochemistry was performed on 20 resected margins of OSCC biopsy specimens using p53 and ki-67 antibody kits. Result: Of the 20 resected OSCC specimen margins, were negative margins and 5 were positive margins. P53 and ki-67 were expressed as a nuclear stain in basal and suprabasal cells. Negative margins showed 86% and 60% of p53 and ki-67 expression respectively. Positive margins showed 40% and 80% of p53 and ki-67 expression respectively. Conclusion: p53 and ki-67 expression can show reactivity irrespective of grades of dysplastic epithelium. The expression of these molecules in the resected margins can be used as an indicator for poor prognosis, recurrence, and surgical boundary estimation as these markers indicate proliferation of the cells with abnormal DNA content. Keywords: p53, Ki-67, resected margins, OSCC, recurrence of OSCC

Using the example of the Cape Verde Islands in place of many developing countries, we show a way to introduce and establish efficient basic oral health care and a prevention and prophylaxis programme. Can we transfer a system of an industrial nation into a developing country? Caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood all over the world. Currently in Cape Verde, there is no restorative dental treatment; only extractions are performed in the public health centres. There are only 10 dentists available to 500,000 inhabitants, 44% of whom are under 15 years of age. Coupled with excessive consumption of sugar especially in the young population, this consequently leads to very bad oral health. About 50% of the six-year molars in the age group 6 to 9 years are affected by caries. In Germany, it took 30 years to achieve caries-free dentition in about 75% of the school children. The introduction of a functioning system that comprises dental cleaning, oral hygiene instructions, nutrition counselling, fluoridation, and the development of a recall system requires not only the provision of working materials, but also educational and training programmes for local dentists. Schools are a setting for health-promoting interventions. Volunteer support and donations are helpful, but should mainly be assistance that helps people to help themselves. In summary, it makes sense and is possible to establish a mostly autonomous preventive oral health care programme under local condition; however, country-specific circumstances and the long-term perspective must be considered. Keywords: Cape Verde Islands, oral health care, prophylaxis programme

The main localisation of horse bites is the face, and the most common victims are children of pre-school and school age. Acute care of these injuries is an issue of concern. The often sharply limited, round soft tissue defects raise questions about thorough diagnosis, evaluation of facial nerve function, and the structural integrity of the parotid gland duct, and thereafter about structured primary care. Besides hemostasis and reconstruction of the and duct, the question about immediate reconstruction must be answered. The primary care of three cases and the long-term outcome after 20 years of one case are presented. All cases had deep wounds of the cheeks, about palm-sized, with muscle involvement. In one case, local defect coverage was possible because of the good movability of the cheek skin. In both other bite wound cases, which were associated with avulsion of tissue, replantation of the minimally pedicled skin flaps was initially done. Both patients developed secondary non-infected flap necrosis, which was removed successively. Then granulation, epithelialisation, and scarring were waited for in both cases. One year after primary treatment, scar revision was performed. In all three cases, satisfying aesthetic and functional rehabilitation were achieved without further relief incisions, pedicled local or distant flaps, or synthetic skin substitutes. Keywords: horse bites, children, animal bite