International Poster Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine, 03/2023

Introduction: Preventive dental care for early childhood caries in children with special needs such as cleft lip and palate (CLP) is more important than in children without this condition. Case reports: Prevention at various levels is required in present cases of CLP patients in primary and mixed dentition periods. A four-year-old CLP patient had early childhood caries (ECC) as smooth surface carious lesions in 51 and 61. The preventive needs for this child included counselling and professional preventive procedures to prevent caries in primary molars among others. CLP cases II and III were in the mixed dentition period. Preventive resin restorations were planned for permanent molars, while prevention procedures at secondary and tertiary levels check disease progression in permanent teeth. Conclusion: The level of prevention in cleft lip and palate children is age specific and depends upon the oral and systemic status of the patient. Parole chiave: cleft lip and palate, prevention, mixed dentition, early childhood caries

Background: Accidental ingestion or aspiration of foreign bodies is a complication often reported during dental procedures. Failure to identify and manage these complications appropriately can prove to be a potential life-threatening emergency situation. Dental students are amongst the least trained hands tending to the care of dental patients, and thus they may encounter such situation during their training /formative years. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students regarding the management of foreign body ingestion/aspiration in patients undergoing dental treatment through a web-based questionnaire study. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out and a pre-validated web-based questionnaire that comprised close-ended and partially close-ended questions in four categories was circulated through e-mail along with the informed consent to 303 students. Results: Undergraduate, graduate and post graduate students have knowledge about the ingestion/aspiration of foreign bodies during dental procedures. However, there was no statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitude scores amongst them. Conclusion: This study concludes that though there is awareness amongst dental students regarding ingestion/ aspiration of various materials during dental procedures, the reporting of such accidents is minimal as they are intimidated by the notion of its consequences. Thus, the suggested methods should be considered and brought into execution. Parole chiave: KAP, aspiration/ingestion of foreign bodies

Background: Forensic odontology is an essential branch of forensic sciences. The dental practitioner’s understanding of forensic odontology is necessary, as the pulp of the tooth is protected by hard tissue which gives an accurate source of recognition of the victim or the suspect with proper identification, investigation and assessment of dental evidence, as well as preservation of dental findings. Hence, this study is conducted to analyse the awareness of basic knowledge and interest in forensic odontology among Interns and postgraduate students at the university. Methods: This is an institution-based study conducted among 150 students including interns and postgraduate students. A validated customized questionnaire on knowledge and attitude was given to the participants. The data was tabulated and statistically analysed. Results: The present study showed postgraduates have more knowledge and awareness of the importance and understanding of forensic odontology as a part of forensic sciences, whereas interns lack interest and knowledge. Conclusion: This study concludes that forensic odontology should be effectively included as a separate subject in the academic curriculum to encourage students towards better understanding and as a field of interest. Parole chiave: Knowledge, interest, forensic odontology, dental students

Background: Propolis (bee glue) has been known since ancient times. The healing properties of propolis have long been known, and it was extensively used as a medicine. But in the Middle Ages, the popularity of propolis faded, and its use in mainstream medicine disappeared. Now, in the scientific world propolis has emerged as an active and important material for efficient treatment options for various diseases. In today’s world, people are more inclined towards natural products for curing disease over manmade products. The natural product propolis is a great help, as it is a non-toxic resinous substance which has antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in dentistry, oral health and medicine. Propolis can be used as caries prevention and treatment, as a supragingival plaque, gingivitis and periodontitis medicament, in cavity disinfection solutions, intracanal and root canal medicaments, as dental pulp medicament, and for wound and bone healing. Propolis can be used for oral mycosis treatments and as a potential treatment for oral cancer. Methodology: A literature search was carried out using online databases such as ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Pubmed’ and ‘Scopus’ during the last 5 years, and a narrative review is carried out. Results: Propolis is potentially useful in dentistry and oral health management. On the basis of 15 articles reviewed, it is observed that use of propolis in preventive dentistry is 33% followed by 24% in endodontics, 19% in oncology, 14% in periodontics, 9% in dental trauma and orthodontics. Conclusion: Propolis is rated among few natural remedies, with a wide range of applications in both dentistry and medicine. Propolis and its phenolic and flavonoid constituents have many therapeutic uses in dentistry, oral health, and medicine due to its antibacterial, antiviral antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties which have been demonstrated in various in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, as well as in human clinical trials. Parole chiave: Propolis, antimicrobial, bee glue, oral health, dental

No previous epidemiological study has investigated the effect of predisposing factors of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) on the type of crown fracture in young incisors among children residing in Gurugram. Such information is required for the planning and evaluation of health services. The aim of this case series was to assess the relationship of TDIs and associated factors among 8-15 year-old schoolchildren in Gurugram, Haryana. The consequence of a fractured tooth depends on the type of injury, delay in treatment, if any, and quality of treatment rendered. Studying all these aspects may improve our understanding of how maxillary anterior teeth behave as one aesthetic and functional unit and might give us a better insight for the formulation of treatment planning. Parole chiave: Young incisors, fracture, trauma, predisposing factors

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are congenital vascular deformities growing in the brain tissue or its immediate vicinity that are able to infiltrate their environment. They consist of a nidus into which feeding arterial vessels open, whereas venous vessels lead out of the nidus. However, because AVM often is a confusing tangle, it is difficult to distinguish the single elements. By definition, the nidus is where the arteries have a short-circuit connection with veins without an intervening capillary bed. This results in high blood pressure and flow in the veins, which may be dilated and perforate. If an AVM bleeds spontaneously, it may become "symptomatic," i.e., cause discomfort. Estimating the likelihood of bleeding from AVM is nearly impossible for individual cases; overall, the annual incidence of bleeding is thought to be between 1 - 4%. In the present case, we report on a 70-year-old patient with an AV malformation of the temporal region on the left who was presented to our clinic on a consultative basis in July 2022 due to a left jugular vein inflow congestion that had been progressive for about three years with backflow into the left temporal region. Furthermore, the patient complained of repeated flow noises with tinnitus occurring under resting conditions and of a buzzing on the left temporal side as well as pain when touching the clinically slightly raised soft tissue alteration. The CT scan of the supra-aortic vessels showed marked extra-cranial vascular ectasia left temporal with contrast of the external and internal jugular veins already in the arterial phase, primarily with high-flow AV fistula. Cerebral panangiography was then performed for further diagnosis. This confirmed the presence of an extra-cranial galeal arteriovenous high-flow malformation with arterial supply mainly from branches of the superficial temporal artery and venous drainage mainly via the left external jugular vein. Against this background, the AVM was first interventionally eliminated by our neuroradiologists performing a combined transvenous-transarterial intervention. One week later, we finally surgically removed the meanwhile largely embolized tumor via a hemicoronal approach. Thus, due to neuroradiological intervention prior to our surgery, no relevant intraoperative bleeding occurred. According to current therapeutic standards, larger AVM are usually first embolized via catheter and are then completely surgically removed in the further course. In our experience, an interval of one week between embolization and surgery is optimal. Parole chiave: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)

Introduction: Prevention of caries in primary dentition requires multidisciplinary efforts and good child rearing practices. Anticipatory guidance becomes case specific in cases of dental neglect amongst preschool children. It requires management at both the parental and patient level. Case report: Anticipatory guidance is proactive counselling of parents and patients about daily care of teeth when talking about caries prevention. Present cases of dental neglect need anticipatory guidance for caries prevention in newly erupted teeth and development of regular oral health practices in children supported by parents. Communication, education, and motivation to guide the parents and children were carried out in these dental neglect cases of severe early childhood caries (SECC). Pit and fissure sealants are used as primary preventive method for caries prevention in primary molars and permanent molars. Customized anticipatory guidance is required in cases suffering from severe dental neglect due to SECC. Conclusion: Organized case-specific anticipatory guidance is needed to prevent caries progression in children with dental neglect. Parole chiave: Early childhood caries, dental neglect, anticipatory guidance

Mucormycosis is a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of moulds called mucormycetes. Mucormycosis, or the deadly black fungus, is a life-threatening fungal infection belonging to the order Mucorales. It is an opportunistic infection, the hyphae of which commonly occur in soil, manure, fruits, and decaying matter along with the nasal passages and oral cavities of a normal person. COVID-19 has put the entire world in a turbulent situation that enhances immunosuppression. Former co-morbidities and their medications have made the patients susceptible to secondary fungal infections such as Mucormycosis. This fungal infection is a life-threatening condition. In this presentation, a case treated with corticosteroids post-COVID resulting in immunosuppression and increased chances for opportunistic infections will be discussed. Parole chiave: Mucormycosis, COVID-19, fungal infection, immunosuppression

Primary oral mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm and accounts for only 0.2-8% of all reported melanomas. It is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that may arise from a benign melanocytic lesion or de novo from melanocytes within normal skin or mucosa. It is considered to be the most deadly of all human neoplasms and occurs commonly in the maxillary gingiva, more frequently on the palate, and with fewer incidences in the mandibular gingiva. Though these lesions are biologically aggressive, they often go unnoticed since they are clinically asymptomatic in the early stages and usually present merely as a hyper-pigmented patch on the gingival surface. These lesions if diagnosed at an early in situ stage definitely have a better prognosis, but unfortunately, as they are clinically asymptomatic, diagnosis is often delayed, thus making the prognosis extremely poor. This poster presents a patient who visited with the complaint of swelling in the right maxilla for one year with darkened patches on the gums. Initially asymptomatic, but pain had gradually progressed. Histopathologic investigation confirmed the diagnosis as 'Oral Mucosal Melanoma'. The patient underwent wide local excision of the lesion with hemi-maxillectomy and modified radical neck dissection under GA. Post-operative healing was satisfactory. Diagnosis must be based on a thorough detailed history and valid histologic evidence. Parole chiave: Melanoma, oral melanoma, prognostic factors

The removal of impacted and displaced teeth is one of the most common procedures in dentoalveolar surgery. Up to 80% of the population have at least one wisdom tooth impacted in the jaw. In the present case report, highly displaced tooth nucleus 28 was removed via a maxillary sinus window using a piezotome because of its close positional relationship to the roots of tooth 27 and to the maxillary sinus. Piezosurgery has been proven to reduce the risk to neighbouring soft tissue structures such as Schneider's membrane. To protect and preserve the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, a bone window was prepared and refixed with sutures after tooth removal. Consequently, the particular surgical technique should always be selected on a patient-specific basis. Parole chiave: wisdom tooth removal, piezotome