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Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro accuracy of digital impressions for three-dimensional (3D) volumetric measurement of residual coronal tooth structure postendodontic cavity preparation, with reference to micro-computed tomography (μCT). Methods: Quantification of the accuracy and precision of the intraoral digital scanner (3M True Definition Scanner - IOS) was performed using a metrology gauge block and a profilometric calibration model. Thirty-four human extracted molars with endodontic access cavities were scanned using both intraoral scanning (test scanner) in high-resolution mode, and µCT (reference scanner: GE Locus SP μCT scanner) in high- (HiResCT) and low- (LoResCT) resolution modes. Comparisons of volumetric accuracy and 3D profilometric deviations were performed using surface metrology software. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), in combination with the Bonferroni post hoc test, was implemented to compare the differences in volume measurements between scanning methods. Results: Digital scanning revealed smaller volume measurements by 1.36% and 0.68% compared to HiResCT and LoResCT, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the volumetric measurements obtained from the IOS scanner and both HiResCT and LoResCT scans (P 0.001). Analysis of the mean 3D profilometric deviations revealed that the IOS displayed greater surface deviation (± 27/33 μm) vs HiResCT and LoResCT (± 16/32 μm). Conclusions: Although volumetric measurements of endodontically accessed teeth were up to 1.36% smaller in comparison to µCT, the digital scanner was able to reliably measure the extra- and intracoronal aspect of the endodontically accessed tooth. Keywords: intraoral scanner, micro-computed tomography, endodontic cavity preparation, residual coronal tooth structure, volumetric, metrology

Good practice guidelines recommend the use of rubber dam for all nonsurgical endodontic procedures; there are also safety and medico-legal implications. However, many unfounded reasons have been cited for not using rubber dam. By explaining why it is essential when performing endodontic treatment, and describing the various techniques of placement, the hope is that it will encourage the routine use of rubber dam in everyday clinical practice. Keywords: asepsis, medico-legal, rubber dam