Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4836027, PubMed-ID: 3822395615. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 1-8, Sprache: EnglischSasaki, Katia Miyuki / Neres, Talitha Giovanna da Silva / Silva, Erica Tatiane da / Zeredo, Jorge Luis LopesPurpose: To describe the use of work process modelling to optimise the organisation of the demand for oral health treatment in primary care units in Brazil.
Materials and Methods: The oral health care routine was at first described as the “AS IS” model, which was evaluated by the oral team professionals, rearranged, and further described as the “TO BE” model described using a business process management modelling tool. The significant increase in the demand of patients due to restrictions offered by the dental service in addition to non-urgent treatments being avoided by patients during COVID-19 pandemic was also considered.
Results: Structuring the work processes in a visual way using modelling tools was useful to picture the entire treatment process and adjust when needed. The use of the managerial tool was useful to understand and reorganise the workflow of organising the demand and ultimately improve the efficiency of the resources. The use of such managerial tools helped oral health professionals to efficiently rearrange their tasks and set priorities to meet their needs.
Conclusions: With the use of management tools, each unit can readjust its structures and ways of working, aiming to improve the quality of public health care services provided to patients.
Schlagwörter: demand, primary health care, oral health, workflow
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4836035, PubMed-ID: 3822395715. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 9-22, Sprache: EnglischCollins, James R. / Rivas-Tumanyan, Sona / Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra / Boneta, Augusto EliasPurpose: To identify the relationship between periodontal health knowledge and oral health-related quality of life among Caribbean adults.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample from 3 Caribbean cities (weighted N = 1805). Participants completed a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, hygiene habits, and other practices, as well as the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The associations between knowledge and habits and OHIP-14 score and its tertiles were evaluated using negative binomial and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively, adjusting for confounders. Odds ratios and regression coefficients were reported.
Results: Participants reporting none, little, and adequate knowledge about gum health had higher odds of being in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those reporting “good knowledge” (ORnone vs good = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.59–3.54; ORlittle vs good = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19–2.78; ORadequate vs good = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11–2.57). Participants reporting toothbrushing ≥ twice/day were less likely to be in the worst tertile for OHRQoL, compared to those brushing less often (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.92). Self-reported gum bleeding was associated with double the odds of being in the worse tertile (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.60–2.58).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, periodontal health knowledge is associated with reduced OHRQoL in Caribbean Adults. In addition, the frequency of brushing and the self-reported gum bleeding was related to a worse quality of life (QoL) level.
Schlagwörter: Caribbean adults, OHIP-14 questionnaire, oral health, patient education, quality of life
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4836045, PubMed-ID: 3822395815. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 23-30, Sprache: EnglischAlHelal, Abdulaziz A. / Alzaid, Abdulaziz A. / Almujel, Saad H. / Alsaloum, Mohammed / Alanazi, Khalid K. / Althubaitiy, Ramzi O. / Al-Aali, Khulud A.Purpose: To evaluate the peri-implant parameters of immediately placed and loaded mandibular overdentures over a 5-year follow-up period.
Materials and Methods: All subjects who had been advised and planned for two-implant mandibular overdenture treatment were included in this study. The peri-implant parameters –including plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and peri-implant pocket depth (PIPD) as well as marginal bone loss (MBL) – were assessed. In addition, prosthodontic parameters including abutment-, implant- and denture-related complications were assessed. Patients were evaluated at follow-up visits, scheduled at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The data distribution was analysed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data within follow-up categories were compared using ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the 32 participants, 19 were males and 13 were females, with a mean age of 60.5 ± 7.33. The mean plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and peri-implant pocket depth (PIPD) varied over time. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the plaque index, bleeding index and peri-implant pocket depth over time (p > 0.05). The mean value at baseline was found to be -0.9 ± 0.3. The values increased over time, with the highest value observed at 60 months 2.6 ± 0.7, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Immediately placed and loaded mandibular implant overdentures using two un-splinted implants with locator attachments showed acceptable PI, BI and PIPD at the 5-year follow-up. Statistically significantly greater marginal bone loss was observed from baseline to follow-up, but it was within acceptable limits. A moderate number of restorative and abutment complications were observed during the follow-up of IODs.
Schlagwörter: dental implants, immediate dental implant loading, overdentures, peri-implantitis
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4836051, PubMed-ID: 3822395915. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 31-38, Sprache: EnglischLi, Andi / Zhang, Tingting / Liu, Qiulin / Yu, Xueting / Zeng, XiaojuanPurpose: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and oral health among adults in the Guangxi province of China.
Materials and Methods: The present work was designed as a cross-sectional study, and comprises a secondary analysis of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey from 2015–2016. A multistage cluster sampling method was adopted for this survey, conducted in three urban and three rural districts Guangxi province. Dental examinations were conducted to determine oral health indicators: decayed teeth (DT), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and missing teeth (MT). The outcome measures were DT, CAL and MT. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES). Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship between SES and oral health by adjusting covariates.
Results: The sample consisted of 651 participants aged 35–74 years. Logisitic analysis showed a statistically significant association between SES and oral health indicators. In the fully adjusted model, participants with primary education were more likely to suffer more DT (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.17–6.10), teeth with CAL ≥ 4 mm (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.25–3.67) and MT (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.65–5.60) compared to the higher education group. Participants with secondary education exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing increased MT compared to those in the higher education group in the fully adjusted model (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.78–5.76). Household income was associated with DT and MT in the unadjusted model only.
Conclusions: There was strong relationship between SES and oral health of adults. The survey suggested a relationship between low educational attainment and oral health.
Schlagwörter: oral health, socioeconomic inequalities, socioeconomic status
Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4836127, PubMed-ID: 3822396015. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 39-50, Sprache: EnglischLu, Rong / Yang, Qian / Liu, Siyu / Sun, LuPurpose: To screen for the cisplatin resistance-related prognostic signature in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and assess its correlation with the immune microenvironment.
Materials and Methods: The gene expression data associated with OSCC and cisplatin-resistance were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Cisplatin-resistant genes were selected through taking the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and control groups as well as between cisplatin-resistant samples and parental samples. Then, prognosis-related cisplatin-resistant genes were further selected by univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses to construct a survival prognosis model. A GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) between two risk groups was conducted with the MSigDB v7.1 database. Finally, the immune landscape of the sample was studied using CIBERSORT. The IC50 values of 57 drugs were predicted using pRRophetic 0.5.
Results: A total 230 candidate genes were obtained. Then 7 drug-resistant genes were selected for prognostic risk-score (RS) signature construction using LASSO regression analysis, including STC2, TBC1D2, ADM, NDRG1, OLR1, PDGFA and ANO1. RS was an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, a nomogram model was established to predict the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of samples. The GSEA identified several differential pathways between two risk groups, such as EMT, hypoxia, and oxidative phosphorylation. Fifteen immune cells were statistically significantly different in infiltration level between the two groups, such as macrophages M2, and resting NK cells. A total of 57 drugs had statistically significantly different IC50 values between two risk groups.
Conclusion: These model genes and immune cells may play a role in predicting the prognosis and chemoresistance in OSCC.
Schlagwörter: cisplatin, gene, oral squamous cell carcinoma, prognosis, resistance
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4854607, PubMed-ID: 3822396115. Jan. 2024,Seiten: 51-56, Sprache: EnglischAlMoharib, Hani S / AlAskar, Mansour H. / Abuthera, Essam A. / Alshalhoub, Khalid A. / BinRokan, Faisal K. / AlQahtani, Nawaf S. / Almadhoon, Hossam W.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of an interproximal brush, a water flosser, and dental floss in removing plaque and reducing inflammation around implant-supported crowns.
Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted involving 45 participants with implant-supported single crowns. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: interproximal brush, water flosser, and dental floss. Plaque index scores, gingival index scores, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed at baseline and after a two-week period. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the outcomes among the groups.
Results: Following the second visit, improvements in plaque control were observed across all three interdental cleaning methods. The water flosser demonstrated a slight reduction in IL-6 levels (60.17 ± 3.07 vs 58.79 ± 4.04) compared to the initial visit, although this decrease was not statistically significant. Conversely, both the interdental brush and dental floss exhibited a slight increase in IL-6 levels at the second visit (60.73 ± 2.93 and 55.7 ± 10.64, respectively) compared to the mean at the first visit (58.38 ± 3.24 and 54.6 ± 2.22, respectively). Among the groups, only the interproximal brush demonstrated a statistically significant difference in IL-6 levels (p=0.008), while no statistically significant differences were observed in the dental floss and water flosser groups.
Conclusion: Within the study’s limitations, our findings suggest that all three methods of interdental cleaning effectively improve plaque control and reduce gingival inflammation. However, using a water flosser appears to reduce inflammation more effectively, highlighting its potential advantage over the other two methods. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and impact of these methods on implant survival.
Schlagwörter: dental implant, interdental aid, oral hygiene, single crowns, water floss
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4925339, PubMed-ID: 382993111. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 57-62, Sprache: EnglischLee, Hee Jin / Huh, Youn / Sunwoo, SungPurpose: The relationship between the number of chronic diseases and oral health problems is unclear. We sought to determine whether the number of chronic diseases and multimorbidity have an association with oral health problems in Korean adults.
Materials and Methods: Data from 23,246 adults aged ≥ 19 years, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019, were considered for our analyses. Participants with either masticatory or speech problems were defined as the oral health problems group. Individuals who reported having had dental treatment in the last year were defined as the dental treatment group. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: The proportions of oral health problems and dental treatment were higher in participants with multimorbidity than in those without multimorbidity (all p < 0.001). Moreover, ORs of oral health problems demonstrated a tendency to increase with the number of chronic diseases, even after adjustment (p for trend < 0.001). Compared to the participants without multimorbidity, the risk of having oral health problems increased by 25% (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.39), and that of receiving dental treatment increased by 23% (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13–1.34) in patients with multimorbidity.
Conclusion: The risk of oral health problems and dental treatment increased in association with the number of chronic diseases in Korean adults. The authors emphasise the risks and importance of oral health in a large population affected by multiple chronic diseases.
Schlagwörter: chronic diseases, dental treatment, Korea, multimorbidity, oral health problems
Open Access Online OnlyCariologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4928565, PubMed-ID: 383054242. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 63-72, Sprache: EnglischJi, Shuaiqi / Zhao, Kai / Ma, Lei / Chen, Xiaohang / Zheng, Dali / Lu, YouguangPurpose: Previous surveys have reported that children with vitamin D deficiency were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine 1. whether the status of vitamin D is intrinsically related to the occurrence of ECC and 2. the optimal level of vitamin D for the prevention of ECC.
Materials and Methods: The database of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase and Google scholar were searched for targeted literature. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ECC were compared to children without ECC in terms of their vitamin D status. Applying the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.4 software.
Results: 501 articles were retrieved from the electronic databases; 11 studies were finally included in systematic review, 10 studies of which were submitted to meta-analysis. The 25(OH)D levels in the ECC group were statistically significantly lower compared with that in the caries-free group (WMD = -13.96, 95% CI: [-19.88,-8.03], p < 0.001), especially in regard to the association between S-ECC and vitamin D (WMD = -18.64, 95% CI: [-20.06,-17.22], p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses in terms of geographical region demonstrated that children with a level of 25(OH)D of 50–75 nmol/l were more likely to have ECC than those with over 75 nmol/l (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.26,1.60], p < 0.001), with data from Asia and Europe combined for analysis
Conclusions: The level of vitamin D was lower in children with ECC than in caries-free children, and the correlation between S-ECC and vitamin D was even stronger. The optimal 25(OH)D level for preventing occurrence and development of ECC was ≥ 75 nmol/l. Thus, clinicians should view the development of early caries also from a systemic perspective.
Schlagwörter: early childhood caries, vitamin D, 25(OH)D
Open Access Online OnlyCariologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4928623, PubMed-ID: 383054252. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 73-79, Sprache: EnglischNishimata, Haruka / Kamasaki, Yoko / Satoh, Kyoko / Kinoshita, Risako / Omori, Keisuke / Hoshino, TomonoriPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a PRG Barrier Coat on biofilm formation and structure by Streptococcus mutans and propose an effective method for preventing dental caries.
Materials and Methods: Streptococcus mutans MT8148 biofilms were obtained from hydroxyapatite disks with and with- out a PRG Barrier Coat. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the 12- and 24-h-cultured biofilms, while reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify caries-related genes. Biofilm adhe- sion assessments were performed on glass. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sample t-test.
Results: A statistically significant difference in Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion rate was observed between the con- trol and PRG Barrier Coat-coated samples (p < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in total bacter- ial count or biofilm volume (p > 0.05). SEM revealed that the PRG Barrier Coat inhibited biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the material restricted the expression of genes associated with caries-related bio- film formation. However, the suppression of gtfD and dexB differed from that of other genes.
Conclusion: PRG Barrier Coat suppressed biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans by inhibiting the expression of in- soluble glucan synthase, which is associated with primary biofilm formation. The material also affected gene expression and altered the biofilm structure. Tooth surface-coating materials, such as PRG Barrier Coat, may improve caries preven- tion in dental practice.
Schlagwörter: biofilm, PRG Barrier Coat, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), scanning electron mi-croscopy (SEM), Streptococcus mutans
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4996999, PubMed-ID: 3837643220. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 81-92, Sprache: EnglischAlvarez-Azaustre, Maria Paloma / Greco, Rossana / Llena, CarmenPurpose: Environmental factors modulate oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to analyse sociodemographic and behavioural factors affecting the OHRQoL in Spanish adolescents, by using the Child-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) index.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 337 adolescent schoolchildren aged 13–15 years. A questionnaire on sociodemographic, behavioural and oral self-perception factors was administered with the Child-OIDP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests, as well as a regression model were used in the data analysis.
Results: The overall mean Child-OIDP index was 3.28±6.55. It was statistically significantly higher in females than in males (p 0.001). Mothers having a managerial job showed statistical association with worse OHRQoL (p 0.001). Caries experience and history of dental trauma were not associated with the oral-health-related quality of life (p > 0.05). Halitosis statistically significantly affected the activities of daily living (p 0.001). Perceived dental problems, dental treatment needs, self-assessment of oral health status and satisfaction with oral health were associated with the impact index (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Mothers who were managers, female sex, presence of halitosis, and perceived dental treatment needs were the most important predictors of the impact index, while dietary habits, oral hygiene, and dental visits did not affect it. Knowledge of these factors will help dental professionals to apply adequate preventive and therapeutic measures.
Schlagwörter: adolescent, behavioural factors, oral health, quality of life, sociodemographic factors
Open Access Online OnlyCariologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4997015, PubMed-ID: 3837643320. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 93-106, Sprache: EnglischAngelopoulou, Matina V. / Seremidi, Kyriaki / Benetou, Vasiliki / Agouropoulos, Andreas / Rahiotis, Christos / Gizani, SotiriaPurpose: To collect and evaluate the available evidence on existing tools used in research and clinical practice to assess and analyse the diet of children and adolescents for its cariogenicity.
Materials and Methods: Multiple databases were searched up to October 2022, with no date, publication, or language restrictions, followed by a manual search. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Dietary assessment tools and dental clinical parameters tested were retrieved for qualitative assessment and synthesis.
Results: Of the 2896 papers identified, 9 cohort and 23 cross-sectional studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. To assess dietary data, 13 studies used a 24-h recall, 11 used a food diary, and 7 used a food frequency questionnaire. For analysis, five studies reported using the Healthy Eating Index, ten used a score based on consumption of sugars, and the remaining analysed cariogenic diet based on the weight and frequency of sugars consumed, or the daily caloric intake from free sugars. Risk of bias assessment suggested that 65.7% of the studies were of moderate and 31.5% of high quality.
Conclusion: Inconsistency exists regarding methods used for the assessment and analysis of dietary cariogenicity. Although every dietary assessment tool has different strengths and limitations, the 24-h recall was the most commonly used method for the assessment of dietary cariogenicity and the most consistent in detecting a positive relationship between sugary diet and carious lesions. A standardised method for cariogenic analysis of dietary data needs to be determined.
Schlagwörter: cariogenic diet, dietary assessment tools, food diary, 24-h recall
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4997023, PubMed-ID: 3837643420. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 107-114, Sprache: EnglischBasunbul, Ghadeer I.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among denture stomatitis patients with implant overdenture prostheses (IODs).
Materials and Methods: The patients were recruited from a specialist dental practice according to selection criteria. The Candida spp. were identified and confirmed by the microbiological culture technique. Candida counts were estimated as colony-forming units (CFU/ml) at baseline, 15, 30, and 60 days. PDT was carried out twice a week with 72 h intervals for a period of 4 weeks. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. It included the demographic details of the patients, including age, gender, education, marital and socioeconomic status (SES), oral habits, and smoking status. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-EDENT (OHIP-EDENT) scale was added to assess the OHRQoL of all patients before and after PDT treatment. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the t-test and the Shapiro-Wilk test; statistical signifcance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: At baseline, the overall mean Candida CFU/ml were quite high in the implant overdenture (IODs) samples, 37.12 ± 15.8, as compared to palatal mucosa samples with 5.1 ± 2.3. After PDT treatment, a statistically significant reduction was noted in the mean Candida CFU/ml on both surfaces at all follow-up visits. It was observed that all domains of OHIP-EDENT except for physical disability and handicap showed statistically significant improvement in mean scores after PDT treatment. FL, P1, P2, D2, and D3 had statistically significant mean score improvements of 2.2, 3.1, 2.2, 1.4, and 0.7, respectively. Furthermore, after PDT treatment, the total OHIP-EDENT score showed a statistically significant improvement of 11.6.
Conclusion: PDT treatment has a positive impact on the OHRQoL for patients with denture stomatitis. It can be used as an effective treatment option for the treatment of denture stomatitis in IOD patients.
Schlagwörter: dental implant, patient-centered outcome, patient satisfaction, photo-disinfection, quality of life, removable denture
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4997035, PubMed-ID: 3837643520. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 115-122, Sprache: EnglischWolf, Thomas Gerhard / Dianišková, Simona / Cavallé, Edoardo / Aliyeva, Rena / Cagetti, Maria-Grazia / Campus, Guglielmo / Deschner, James / Forna, Norina / Ilhan, Duygu / Mazevet, Marco / Lella, Anna / Melo, Paulo / Perlea, Paula / Rovera, Angela / Sculean, Anton / Sharkov, Nikolai / Slutsky, Ariel / Torres, António Roma / Saag, MarePurpose: Dental students learn knowledge and practical skills to provide oral health care to the population. Practical skills must be maintained or continuously developed throughout a professional career. This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates by national dental associations (NDAs) in international comparison in the European Regional Organization of the FDI World Dental Federation (ERO-FDI) zone.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of 14 items collected information on pre-/postgraduate areas.
Results: A total of 25 countries participated (response rate: 69.4%), with 80.0% having minimum requirements for practical skills acquisition and 64.0% starting practical training in the 3rd year of study. In countries where clinical practical work on patients begins in the 2nd year of study, practical skills of graduates are perceived as average, starting in the 3rd year of study as mainly good, starting in the 4th as varying widely from poor to very good. In total, 76.0% of respondents feel that improvements are needed before entering dental practice. Improvements could be reached by treating more patients in dental school (32.0%), increasing the quantity of clinical training (20.0%), or having more clinical instructors (12.0%). In 56.0% of the countries, it is possible to open one’s own dental practice immediately after graduation, and in 16.0%, prior vocational training is mandatory.
Conclusions: All participating countries in the ERO-FDI zone reported practical training in dental school, most starting in the 3rd year of study. The perception of practical skills of dental students and dental-school graduates among NDAs is very heterogeneous. Reasons for the perceived deficiencies should be further explored.
Schlagwörter: dental association, graduate, international, practical skills, student
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4997051, PubMed-ID: 3837643620. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 123-130, Sprache: EnglischJovanović, Milica / Janković, Slobodan / Milojević Samanović, Anđela / Gojak, Refet / Raičević, Branislava / Erić, Jelena / Milosavljević, MarkoPurpose: When carrying out prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous and partially edentulous patients, great attention is paid to the personal attitude of the patients, their satisfaction with oral health and psychosocial interaction due to tooth loss, as well as the treatment of the resulting disorders. This attention has led to the development of various instruments for examining the quality of life related to oral health. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable instrument in the Serbian language suitable for measuring oral health-related quality of life in patients who have been rehabilitated with complete or partial dentures.
Мaterials and Methods: The study was unicentric and cross-sectional, and assessed the reliability and validity of a newly developed instrument for measuring the oral health-related quality of life in denture wearers (OHRQoL-DW). It was conducted on a sample of 200 adults from Serbia, wearers of various types of dentures, with a mean age 66.9 ± 10.3 years and male/female ratio of 86/114 (43%/57%).
Results: The definitive version of the OHRQoL-DW scale with 28 items showed very good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.938. Good temporal stability of the questionnaire was demonstrated, and satisfactory results were obtained for divergent and convergent validity tests. Exploratory factorial analysis revealed four domains of oral health-related quality of life in denture wearers: physical, psychosocial, environmental and aesthetic.
Conclusions: The OHRQoL-DW scale is a reliable and valid generic instrument for measuring the oral health-related quality of life in patients wearing dentures, which is one of the most important outcomes of oral health in prosthetic treatment.
Schlagwörter: complete denture, oral health, partial denture, quality of life
Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4997059, PubMed-ID: 3837643720. Feb. 2024,Seiten: 131-138, Sprache: EnglischAkram, Hadeel Mazin / Haleem, Azhar M. / Salah, RashaPurpose: To assess the antioxidant and antineoplastic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Materials and Methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma HSCC cells were tested for cytotoxicity by a methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (MEHSP). After 24, 48, and 72 h, the MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion test were used to determine cell survival and death. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DNA Protection Assay (DPA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAPA) measured the antioxidant activity of MEHSP.
Results: The antioxidant activity (%) ranged from 47.92-82.24 in the DPPH test, 11.61-73.65 in the DPA, and 4.97-52.09 in the FRAPA. The HSCC in-vitro cytotoxicity assay showed dose- and time-dependent cell viability. MEHSP at 5 μg/ml inhibited viable cells, while increasing MEHSP doses decreased cell viability. The Trypan blue exclusion test showed that MEHSP significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h.
Conclusion:Hibiscus sabdariffa contains antioxidant and HSCC-cytotoxic properties.
Schlagwörter: DPPH, Hibiscus sabdariffa, methanol, natural anticancer compound, squamous cell carcinoma
Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5081283, PubMed-ID: 3848339814. März 2024,Seiten: 139-144, Sprache: EnglischCui, Haishan / Wang, Pinghua / Chen, Meiling / Lu, ShanshanPurpose: To examine the clinical efficacy of a chlorhexidine gargle combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) gel in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers and its effects on inflammatory factors, immune function, and recurrence rate.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-six patients with recurrent oral ulcers were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (treatment with chlorhexidine gargle plus rb-bFGF gel) and control (treatment with chlorhexidine gargle alone) (n = 48 cases). The therapeutic efficacy, clinical improvement of symptoms, and recurrence rate within 3 months were compared between the two groups. Serum inflammatory factor and immune factor levels of patients in the two groups were measured before and after treatment.
Results: A statistically significantly higher total effective rate was found in patients of the experimental group (95.83%) versus the control group (81.25%) (p < 0.05). The time to onset of pain relief was shortened, the duration of pain relief was prolonged, and VAS scores for pain level were lower in the experimental than the control group (p < 0.05). Among patients in the experimental group, the number of oral ulcers and ulcer area decreased, and faster onset of pain relief and time until normal eating improved in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Reduced levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed in the experimental vs the control group (p < 0.05). Elevated levels of CD3+, CD4+, and NKT and reduced levels of CD8+ were found in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The ulcer recurrence rate of patients in the experimental group (8.33%) was notably lower in comparison to the control group (29.17%).
Conclusion: Chlorhexidine gargle plus rb-bFGF gel can improve the clinical outcome of patients with recurrent oral ulcers. It can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors, improve immune function, and reduce the recurrence rate.
Schlagwörter: chlorhexidine gargle, clinical efficacy, immune function, inflammatory factors, recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel, recurrence rate, recurrent oral ulcers
Open Access Online OnlyCariologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5245819, PubMed-ID: 3865228723. Apr. 2024,Seiten: 145-150, Sprache: EnglischZhang, Liming / Liu, Yaxuan / Chu, Ruiming / Zhao, Yan / Liu, Bing / Fan, Chunguo / Song, PengPurpose: To determine the caries status in children’s deciduous teeth and examine the influence of family oral health behaviours on the caries status.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 329 children aged 3–6 years in rural Heishanzui Township, Hebei Province, China, and used a completely random sampling method. These children underwent physical and oral health examinations. The questionnaires were given to the parents and caregivers of the examined children.
Results: The prevalence of caries in the deciduous dentition among children aged 3–6 years was 80.55%, with a dmft index of 4.93. Children in the caries group ate sweets, chocolates, and carbonated drinks more frequently than did children in the caries-free group (p < 0.05). Children in the caries-free group brushed their teeth more frequently, with parents helping their children brush, more often than did those in the caries-affected group (p < 0.05). The level of parental education and annual household income also had statistically significant effects on the prevalence of caries in the two groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the frequency of eating sweets was a risk factor for caries in deciduous teeth (odds ratio = 2.20; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of caries in deciduous teeth among children aged 3–6 years in rural Heishanzui Township was high. Compared to children in the caries-affected group, the families and children in the caries-free group had better oral hygiene behaviours. Moreover, the frequency of eating sweets was shown to be a risk factor for caries in deciduous teeth in children aged 3–6 years.
Schlagwörter: caries, children, deciduous dentition, oral health behaviours, rural areas
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5245853, PubMed-ID: 3865228823. Apr. 2024,Seiten: 151-158, Sprache: EnglischSkaleric, Eva / Hropot Plesko, NinaPurpose: To investigate the effect of full-mouth disinfection on the sizes of the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden and whether it leads to a decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
Materials and Methods: The study included 20 systemically healthy subjects (11 women and 9 men) 30 to 68 years old with localised or generalised periodontitis (stage III, grade C). The sizes of the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden were measured with the web application “Periodontalwound”, which is based on measurements of average tooth cervices, as well as probing depths and bleeding on probing assessed at six sites around each tooth present in the oral cavity. The levels of hsCRP (high-sensitivity CRP) were measured with an immunochemical method. All three parameters were measured before initial treatment and 3 months after therapy. Full-mouth disinfection included removal of plaque and calculus with ultrasonic and hand instruments in one session.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant decrease in the size of the periodontal wound (p < 0.001), a statistically significant decrease in the size of periodontal inflammatory burden (p < 0.001), and a decrease in hsCRP levels 3 months after therapy.
Conclusion: Full-mouth disinfection leads to a decrease in the periodontal wound and periodontal inflammatory burden size, as well as a decrease in the levels of hsCRP in patients with localised or generalised periodontitis (stage III, grade C).
Schlagwörter: C-reactive protein, full-mouth disinfection, periodontal inflammatory burden, periodontal wound
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281939, PubMed-ID: 3868702830. Apr. 2024,Seiten: 159-170, Sprache: EnglischZhang, Huijie / Wang, Yueyue / Wang, Zhu / Fu, Nanqing / Wang, Xinrui / Bai, GuohuiPurpose: To study the therapeutic effect of hemagglutinin-2 and fimbrial (HA2-FimA) vaccine on experimental periodontitis in rats.
Materials and Methods: The first batch of rats was divided into two groups and immunised with pure water or pVAX1-HA2-FimA at the age of 6, 7, and 9 weeks. After sacrificing the animals, total RNA was extracted from the spleens for RNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The second batch of rats was divided into four groups (A, B, C, D), and an experimental periodontitis rat model was established by suturing silk thread around the maxillary second molars of rats in groups B, C, and D for 4 weeks. The rats were immunised with pure water, pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine, empty pVAX1 vector, and pure water at 10, 11, and 13 weeks of age, respectively. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) levels in saliva were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All rats were euthanised at 17 weeks of age, and alveolar bone loss was examined using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT).
Results: Through sequencing analysis, six key genes, including Camp, were identified. Compared with the other three groups, the rats in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group showed higher levels of SIgA and CAMP (p < 0.05). Micro-CT results showed significantly less alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis+pVAX1-HA2-FimA vaccine group compared to the periodontitis+pVAX1 group and periodontitis+pure water group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: HA2-FimA DNA vaccine can increase the levels of SIgA and CAMP in the saliva of experimental periodontitis model rats and reduce alveolar bone loss.
Schlagwörter: CAMP, DNA vaccine, SIgA
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281925, PubMed-ID: 3868702930. Apr. 2024,Seiten: 171-180, Sprache: EnglischRamanauskaite, Egle / Machiulskiene Visockiene, Vita / Shirakata, Yoshinori / Friedmann, Anton / Pereckaite, Laura / Balciunaite, Ausra / Dvyliene, Urte Marija / Vitkauskiene, Astra / Baseviciene, Nomeda / Sculean, AntonPurpose: To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids followed by subsequent application of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel (xHyA) gel, or with SD alone.
Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with stages II-III (grades A/B) generalised periodontitis were randomly treated with either SD (control) or SD plus adjunctive sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA gel (test). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per quadrant in each patient at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Pooled sample analysis was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of detection frequencies and changes in numbers of the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i).
Results: In terms of detection frequency, in the test group, statistically significant reductions were found for P.g, T.f, T.d and P.i (p < 0.05) after 6 months. In the control group, the detection frequencies of all investigated bacterial species at 6 months were comparable to the baseline values (p > 0.05). The comparison of the test and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in detection frequency for P.g (p = 0.034), T.d (p < 0.01) and P.i (p = 0.02) after 6 months, favouring the test group. Regarding reduction in detection frequency scores, at 6 months, statistically significant differences in favour of the test group were observed for all investigated bacterial species: A.a (p = 0.028), P.g (p = 0.028), T.f (p = 0.004), T.d (p <0.001), and P.i (p = 0.003).
Conclusions: The present microbiological results, which are related to short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment, support the adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
Schlagwörter: cross-linked hyaluronic acid, microbiology, non-surgical periodontal therapy, periodontitis, periopathogenic bacteria, sodium hypochlorite/amino acids
Open Access Online OnlySystematic ReviewDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5282167, PubMed-ID: 387134587. Mai 2024,Seiten: 181-188, Sprache: EnglischAljudaibi, Suha Mohammed / Alqhtani, Mohammad Abdullah Zayed / Almeslet, Asmaa Saleh / Aldowah, Omir / Alhendi, Khalid Dhafer S.Purpose: The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which assessed the efficacy of mini dental implants (MDIs) and standard-diameter implants (SDIs) in retaining mandibular overdentures (MO).
Materials and Methods: The focused question was “Is there a difference in the mechanical stability between MDIs and SDIs in retaining MO?” Indexed databases were searched up to and including November 2023 using different keywords. Boolean operators were used during the search. The literature was searched in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The PICO characteristics were: patients (P) = individuals with complete mandibular dentures requiring dental implants; Intervention (I) = placement of MDIs under mandibular dentures; Control (C) = placement of SDIs under mandibular dentures; Outcome (O) = comparison of stability between MDIs and SDIs in supporting mandibular dentures. Only RCTs were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool.
Results: Five RCTs were included. The numbers of participants ranged between 45 and 120 edentulous individuals wearing complete mandibular dentures. The mean age of patients ranged between 59.5 ± 8.5 and 68.3 ± 8.5 years. The number of MDIs and SDIs ranged between 22 and 152 and 10 and 80 implants, respectively. The follow-up duration ranged between one week and 12 months. Three RCTs reported an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) of all patients after stabilisation of mandibular dentures using MDIs or SDIs. In one RCT, peri-implant soft tissue profiles were comparable between MDIs and SDIs at the 1-year follow-up. The implant survival rate was reported in two RCTs, which were from 89% to 98% and 99% to 100% for MDIs and SDIs, respectively. All RCTs had a low RoB.
Conclusion: Mini dental implants represent a viable alternative to traditional standard-diameter implants when seeking optimal retention for mandibular overdentures.
Schlagwörter: edentulous, implant survival rate, mandible, mini dental implants, overdenture, standard-diameter implants
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5395053, PubMed-ID: 3880331928. Mai 2024,Seiten: 189-202, Sprache: EnglischCheng, Xiaofan / Chen, Jialu / Liu, Siliang / Bu, ShoushanPurpose: To investigate the causality between periodontitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis.
Materials and Methods: Genetic variations in periodontitis and NAFLD were acquired from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the Gene-Lifestyle Interaction in Dental Endpoints, a large-scale meta-analysis, and FinnGen consortia. Data from the first two databases were used to explore the causal relationship between periodontitis and NAFLD (“discovery stage”), and the data from FinnGen was used to validate our results (“validation stage”). We initially performed MR analysis using 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the discovery samples and 18 in the replicate samples as genetic instruments for periodontitis to investigate the causative impact of periodontitis on NAFLD. We then conducted a reverse MR analysis using 6 SNPs in the discovery samples and 4 in the replicate samples as genetic instruments for NAFLD to assess the causative impact of NAFLD on periodontitis. We further implemented heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses to assess the reliability of the MR results.
Results: Periodontitis was not causally related to NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.036, 95% CI: 0.914–1.175, p = 0.578 in the discovery stage; OR = 1.070, 95% CI: 0.935–1.224, p = 0.327 in the validation stage), and NAFLD was not causally linked with periodontitis (OR = 1.059, 95% CI: 0.916–1.225, p = 0.439 in the discovery stage; OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.896–1.102, p = 0.901 in the validation stage). No heterogeneity was observed among the selected SNPs. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the absence of pleiotropy and the reliability of our MR results.
Conclusion: The present MR analysis showed no genetic evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship between periodontitis and NAFLD. Periodontitis may not directly influence the development of NAFLD and vice versa.
Schlagwörter: causality, Mendelian randomisation (MR), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), periodontitis
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5458567, PubMed-ID: 3886437912. Juni 2024,Seiten: 203-210, Sprache: EnglischHaresaku, Satoru / Naito, Toru / Miyoshi, Maki / Aoki, Hisae / Monji, Mayumi / Nishida, Ayako / Kono, Yoshinori / Kayama, Maiko / Umezaki, YojiroPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of a newly developed oral simulator for nursing students’ oral assessment education on oral diseases and symptoms.
Materials and Methods: The participants were first-year students (n=105) at a nursing school in Japan. Ten identical oral simulators with angular cheilitis, missing teeth, dental caries, calculus, periodontitis, hypoglossal induration, food debris, and crust formation were created by a team of dentists. After a 45-minute lecture programme for oral assessment performance with the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), the ability test with the simulators and the OHAT as well as test feedback were conducted in a 30-minute practical programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of the programmes, questionnaires and ability tests with slides of oral images were conducted at baseline and after the programme.
Results: Ninety-nine students (94.3%) participated in this study. The results of the ability test with the simulators and the OHAT in the practical programme showed that the correct answer rates of assessing tongue, gingiva, present teeth, and oral pain were less than 40%. Their levels of confidence, perception, and oral assessment performance were statistically significantly higher after the programmes than they were at baseline. Their level of confidence in assessing the need for dental referral had the largest increase in scores compared to the lowest scores at baseline in the nine post-programme assessment categories.
Conclusions: This study identified several problems with nursing students’ oral assessment skills and improvements of their oral assessment confidence, perceptions and performance.
Schlagwörter: collaborative education, nursing student, oral assessment, Oral Health Assessment Tool, oral simulator
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5458585, PubMed-ID: 3886438012. Juni 2024,Seiten: 211-222, Sprache: EnglischZhang, Chenjiao / Liu, Bowen / Hu, Jingchao / Zhao, Li / Zhao, HanPurpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of tea tree oil (TTO) for dental plaque control and nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).
Materials and Methods: Three electronic databases were searched from 2003. The reference lists of the included articles and relevant reviews were also manually searched. Randomised controlled trials reporting the clinical outcomes of the topical use of TTO as an adjunct to daily oral hygiene or scaling and root planing (SRP) were included. Regarding the use of TTO as an adjunctive to daily oral hygiene, the primary outcome was plaque index (PI) reduction. Regarding the use of TTO as an adjunctive to SRP, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were adverse events.
Results: Eleven studies were included for qualitative analysis, 9 studies were included for quantitative analysis, and 6 studies were included to examine the application of TTO mouthwash as an adjunctive to daily oral hygiene. In addition, three studies were included to analyse the subgingival use of TTO adjunctive to SRP at selected sites. The results indicated a nonsignificant improvement in PI reduction in the TTO mouthwash group compared with placebo. The incidence of adverse events was statistically significantly greater in the CHX group than in the TTO group. For subgingival use of TTO adjunctive to SRP, beneficial effects were observed in the TTO group compared with SRP alone in terms of PPD and CAL at both three and six months post-treatment. However, an unpleasant taste was reported in three out of four studies.
Conclusion: There is a lack of strong evidence to support the beneficial effects of TTO. Studies with larger sample sizes and standardised evaluation criteria are needed to further demonstrate the clinical relevance of TTO.
Schlagwörter: dental plaque, meta-analysis, scaling and root planing, tea tree oil
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5458595, PubMed-ID: 3886438112. Juni 2024,Seiten: 223-230, Sprache: EnglischStutzer, Diego / Hofmann, Martin / Eick, Sigrun / Scharp, Nicole / Burger, Jürgen / Niederhauser, ThomasPurpose: This study investigated the magnitude, direction, and temporal aspects of the force applied during instrumentation with a piezoelectric ultrasonic periodontal scaler, compared this force with recommendations in the literature, and assessed the influence of the profession (dentist or dental hygienist) and calculus hardness.
Materials and Methods: The force applied by ten dental hygienists and six dentists during debridement of comparatively soft and hard artificial dental calculus with a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler was recorded in-vitro. The total force and its components in three axes were statistically analysed.
Results: During debridement of soft artificial dental calculus, the mean total force applied by dental hygienists was 0.34 N (± 0.18 N, range: 0.13 N to 0.59 N) and by dentists 0.28 N (± 0.33 N, range: 0.06 N to 0.95 N), and the total force exceeded 0.5 N approximately 23% and 14% of the time for dental hygienists and dentists, respectively. During debridement of hard artificial dental calculus, the mean total force applied by dental hygienists was 0.63 N (± 0.40 N, range: 0.28 N to 1.64 N) and by dentists 0.57 N (± 0.17 N, range: 0.34 N to 0.76 N); the total force exceeded 0.5 N more than half of the time for both professions. On average, dental hygienists applied 1.85x (p = 0.04) and dentists 2.04x (p = 0.06) higher force on hard than on soft artificial calculus. However, dental hygienists and dentists used similar forces during the debridement of both hard (p = 1.00) and soft (p = 0.26) calculus.
Conclusion: The force applied during the debridement of hard artificial dental calculus was statistically significantly higher than during the debridement of soft artificial dental calculus. No statistically significant difference between dentists and dental hygienists was found. The force applied by both groups on soft and hard artificial dental calculus frequently exceeded recommended values.
Schlagwörter: calculus, debridement, periodontal, piezoelectric, ultrasonic
Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5569239, PubMed-ID: 3898977611. Juli 2024,Seiten: 231-236, Sprache: EnglischAlbalooshy, Amal M.Purpose: To investigate parental perceptions of comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia for their children.
Materials and Methods: The study included parents of children who underwent comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia. Only parents who could communicate in English were included. They were invited to participate in a telephone interview within four weeks of their children’s dental treatment under general anesthesia. The interviews were designed to gather information on three main domains: problems experienced before the operation, children’s well-being after the operation, and satisfaction.
Results: A total of 45 parents participated in the study; 91.1% identified as women and 8.8% as men. Most parents resided in areas categorised as either more deprived (51%) or most deprived (24.4%), based on deprivation indices. Prior to surgery, 66.7% of children suffered from dental pain, 44.4% were affected by dental abscesses or facial swelling, 42.2% experienced difficulties with eating and drinking, while 37.8% experienced sleeping difficulties. Painkillers were used for a short duration to manage post-operative pain (48.9%). Four weeks after the operation, many parents reported improvements in their children’s mouth comfort. They observed positive changes in their children’s ability to eat (40%), sleep habits (33.3%), and overall health and well-being (82.2%). Overall, most parents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the care their children received (95.5%).
Conclusion: Parents observed improvements in their children’s oral health and reported high level of satisfaction with the procedures.
Schlagwörter: dental treatment, general anaesthesia, paediatric, parental
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5569483, PubMed-ID: 3898977711. Juli 2024,Seiten: 237-248, Sprache: EnglischAjlan, Sumaiah A. / Hummady, Shoag M. / Salam, Alanoud A. / Talakey, Arwa A. / Ashri, Nahid Y. / Mirdad, Amani A. / Shaheen, Marwa Y. / Basudan, Amani M. / Alaskar, Mansour H. / AlMoharib, Hani S. / Al-Ahmari, FatemahPurpose: To assess adherence to follow-up maintenance visits among patients who had previously undergone crown-lengthening surgery and investigate the different factors impacting their compliance.
Materials and Methods: A total of 314 patients were identified for follow-up appointments. Based on their responses, participants were categorised into four groups: attendees, non-attendees, refusals, and unreachable. Furthermore, data on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, nationality, marital status, education, occupation, and residential area), medical history, dental history (including missing teeth, implants, or orthodontic treatment history), and past appointment attendance (average yearly appointments, missed appointment percentage, and last appointment date) were collected and analysed to understand their influence on patient compliance.
Results: In a sample of 314 patients, 102 (32.5%) attended the appointments successfully. Improved attendance rates were significantly associated with being female, Saudi Arabian, married, and employed (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with a high frequency of annual appointments and a recent history of appointments exhibited better compliance. None of the analysed dental factors affected the attendance rates.
Conclusion: About one-third of patients who had undergone crown lengthening surgery were compliant with the follow-up visits. Different factors influenced this compliance pattern to varying extents, with more efforts needed to enhance patients’ commitment to these visits.
Schlagwörter: adherence, compliance, crown lengthening surgery, periodontal maintenance
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5569645, PubMed-ID: 3899478512. Juli 2024,Seiten: 249-256, Sprache: EnglischWörner, Felix / Eger, Thomas / Simon, Ursula / Becker, Alexander / Wolowski, AnnePurpose: This cross-sectional longitudinal observational study aimed to clarify the question of whether painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in psychiatrically confirmed patients hospitalised for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) therapy after using splint therapy (ST) show long-term therapeutic effects in the case of functional disorders.
Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-three (153) inpatients (123 male and 20 female soldiers, age 35.8 ± 9.2 years, 26.6 ± 2.2 teeth) with confirmed PTSD (Impact of Event Scale – Revised ≥33), grade 3 to 4 chronic pain according to von Korff’s Chronic Pain Scale and the research diagnostic criteria of painful TMD (RDC-TMD) were recorded. All participants received a maxillary occlusal splint that was worn at night. Control check-ups of the therapeutic effect of the splint were conducted for up to 9 years during psychiatric follow-ups.
Results: TMD pain worsened in 22 (14.4%) patients within the first 6 weeks and led to the removal of the splint. The pain intensity (PI) at BL was reported to be a mean of VAS 7.7 ± 1.1. Six weeks after ST (n = 131), the average PI was recorded as VAS 2.6 ± 1.3. Based on the last examination date of all subjects, the average PI was recorded as 0.7 ± 0.9. Seventy-two (72) patients used a second stabilisation splint in the maxilla after 14.4 ± 15.7 months, and 38 patients used between 3 and 8 splints during their psychiatric and dental treatment time (33.7 ± 29.8 months).
Conclusion: The presented data shows that therapeutic pain reduction remained valid in the long term despite continued PTSD. The lifespan of a splint seems to be dependent on individual factors. Long-term splint therapy appears to be accepted by the majority of patients with PTSD and painful TMD.
Schlagwörter: bruxism, PTSD, splint therapy, TMD
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5569745, PubMed-ID: 3899478612. Juli 2024,Seiten: 257-270, Sprache: EnglischVela, Octavia-Carolina / Boariu, Marius / Rusu, Darian / Iorio-Siciliano, Vincenzo / Sculean, Anton / Stratul, Stefan-IoanPurpose: To compare the regenerative clinical and radiographic effects of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) with enamel matrix proteins (EMD) at six months after regenerative treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients presenting one intrabony defect each were randomly assigned into control (EMD) and test (xHyA) groups. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was the primary outcome, while pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BOP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and radiographic parameters such as defect depth (BC-BD), and defect width (DW) were considered secondary outcome variables. Parameters were recorded at baseline and after 6 months.
Results: At the 6-month follow-up, 54 patients were available for statistical analysis. In the control and test groups, the mean CAL gain was statistically significant in the intragroup comparison (p < 0.001). 48.1% of test sites showed a CAL gain ≤ 2 mm compared with 33.3% of control sites. The mean PPD reduction was statistically significant in the intragroup comparison in both groups (p < 0.001). The mean REC increase was similar in the two groups: 1.04 ± 1.29 mm vs 1.11 ± 1.22 mm (test vs control). The mean BC-BD, DW, FMPS, FMBS, and BOP changed statistically significantly only in the intragroup comparison, not in the intergroup comparison.
Conclusion: Both treatments, EMD and xHyA, produced similar statistically significant clinical and radiographical improvements after six months when compared with baseline.
Schlagwörter: cross-linked hyaluronic acid, enamel matrix derivative, intrabony defects, periodontal pocket, periodontal regeneration
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5570957, PubMed-ID: 3899478712. Juli 2024,Seiten: 271-276, Sprache: EnglischLiu, Qin / Liu, Hong / Zhou, Yifan / Wang, Xiang / Wang, Wenmei / Duan, NingPurpose: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) in a large sample.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 105 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), considering various factors including sex, age, disease site, lesion type, lesion area, morphological characteristics, self-reported symptoms, and history of systemic diseases. Histopathological examination was performed for each patient, and the pathology results were analysed according to sex and age group.
Results: 70.5% of the OLP patients were female, and OLP was most likely to occur in the cheek, followed by the tongue, lips, gums and palate. The patients with moderate pain according to the VAS score accounted for 60%. Thirty-nine percent of the OLP patients had a systemic disease, and the most common clinical type of OLP was nonerosive. Most of the pathological results showed liquefaction degeneration of basal cells and infiltration of lamina propria lymphocytes. There was no statistically significant difference in pathological manifestations between male and female patients, and there were statistically significant differences in pathological manifestations among different ages patients.
Conclusion: This study analysed the sociodemographic data and clinical manifestations of 105 OLP patients to guide follow-up treatment planning and disease monitoring. Moreover, pathological manifestations should be analysed to avoid delayed treatment and to monitor for carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the correlation of pathological manifestations among OLP patients with different sexes and ages is conducive to further research on the specific differential manifestations and possible underlying mechanisms involved.
Schlagwörter: clinical features, demographic characteristics, histopathology, oral lichen planus
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573917, PubMed-ID: 3903734622. Juli 2024,Seiten: 277-284, Sprache: EnglischGemperle, Gina A. / Hamza, Blend / Patcas, Raphael / Schätzle, Marc / Wegehaupt, Florian J. / Hersberger-Zurfluh, Monika A.Purpose: This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the cleaning efficacy of 18 different manual children’s toothbrushes applying horizontal, vertical, and rotational movements, as well as to evaluate the rounding of their filament ends.
Materials and methods: Models equipped with artificial teeth (coated with titanium dioxide) were brushed using a brushing machine with clamped manual children’s toothbrushes. The machine carried out horizontal, vertical, and rotational movements for 1 min with a constant contact pressure of 100 g. The percentage of the area of titanium dioxide removed from the buccal, mesial, distal and total surfaces of the artificial teeth corresponded to the cleaning efficacy. To assess the filament design, a scanning electron microscope was used to check the morphology of the filaments which was scored with Silverstone and Featherstone scale. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.
Results: The rotational and the vertical movements achieved the best cleaning efficacy with all tested toothbrushes. The vast majority of the tested toothbrushes had their poorest cleaning efficacy in the horizontal movement. Only a small part of the children’s toothbrushes (3 out of 18) had a correct and acceptable proportion of rounded bristle ends.
Conclusions: Based on the present results, it could be concluded that the cleaning efficacy of different manual children’s toothbrushes varied considerably. The best cleaning efficacy was almost always observed for rotational and vertical movements.
Schlagwörter: children’s toothbrushes, cleaning, efficacy, filament end rounding, pediatric dentistry
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573939, PubMed-ID: 3904203523. Juli 2024,Seiten: 285-292, Sprache: EnglischTounsi, Abrar / AlJameel, AlBandary / AlKathiri, Maryam / AlAhmari, Reem / Sultan, Sarah BinPurpose: To assess children’s OHRQoL and associated factors among a sample of children with special needs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 6- to 12-year-old children was obtained using convenience sampling from rehabilitation centers. Data were collected through a questionnaire and dental examination. The questionnaire included items related to the children’s and their families’ characteristics, oral health-related quality of life scales (Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire [P-CPQ] and Family Impact Scale [FIS]), perceived health status, and dental care utilisation. Clinical examination was performed by a trained and calibrated dentist. The data were analysed using SPSS; descriptive and inferential data analyses were also performed using SPSS.
Results: The mean P-CPQ was 1.10 ± 0.74, and the mean FIS was 1.39 ± 0.88. There was a statistically significant correlation between P-CPQ and caries (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounders, caries was associated with poor P-CPQ (B = 0.06, p = 0.024). Compared to low-income families, higher-income families had better P-CPQ (4000-8000 SAR: B = -1.36, p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Poor oral health-related quality of life in Saudi children is associated with caries and low income. Preventive measures addressing social determinants are vital to control caries and promote oral health in children with special health-care needs.
Schlagwörter: dental care for children, health-related quality of life, oral health, perception
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573943, PubMed-ID: 3904203623. Juli 2024,Seiten: 293-300, Sprache: EnglischYoshihara, Akihiro / Iwasaki, Masanori / Suwama, Kana / Nakamura, KazutoshiPurpose: To investigate the association of low renal function and overweight with poor periodontal condition in community-dwelling older Japanese women.
Materials and Methods: In total, 359 older women (age range: 55–74 years) participated in this study. Two periodontal parameters – the number of teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 4 mm – were used as the dependent variables. The principal independent variables were low renal function as defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and overweight as defined by the body mass index. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the ratio of means (RM).
Results: The RMs of the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm in an adjusted model without an interaction term were 1.21- or 1.27-fold higher among those with an eGFR < 60, while those among the participants with an eGFR < 60 in the adjusted model with interaction terms for the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm were 1.43- or 1.36-fold higher. In addition, increments of periodontal risk with low renal function and overweight showed a slightly smaller to negative trend.
Conclusion: The present findings suggest a connection between unfavourable periodontal health and both renal function and being overweight among older Japanese women. A weak negative interaction was also found between poor renal condition and overweight in relation to periodontal condition.
Schlagwörter: excess weight, kidney function, periodontal health
Open Access Online OnlyOral SurgeryDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573959, PubMed-ID: 3902800019. Juli 2024,Seiten: 301-308, Sprache: EnglischCuozzo, Alessandro / Vincenzo, Iorio-Siciliano / Boariu, Marius / Rusu, Darian / Stratul, Stefan-Ioan / Galasso, Luigi / Pezzella, Vitolante / Ramaglia, LucaPurpose: To assess the prevalence and configuration of bifid (BMC) and trifid (TMC) mandibular canals using computed tomography (CT), describing the anatomical characteristics of the accessory canals, especially of the retromolar type.
Materials and Methods: CT scans of 123 patients were analysed. BMCs were identified and the patterns of bifurcation were classified, including trifid canals. The width of accessory canals was measured. Retromolar canals were further classified according to their course and morphology, while their position and width were evaluated using linear measurements on CT images.
Results: The majority of patients (53.6%) presented at least one BMC or TMC. 36.2% of mandibular canals were bifid, while 4.5% were trifid. The forward canals (12.6%) and retromolar canals (10.2%) were the most common among BMCs. In relation to the retromolar canals, 60% were vertical and 40% curved, with a mean width of 1.03 ± 0.28mm.
Conclusion: BMCs and TMCs are common 3D radiographic findings, so that they should be considered as anatomical variations, not anomalies. Preoperative CT or CBCT evaluation should aid in identifying these variations and analysing their position and course in surgical planning.
Schlagwörter: anatomical variations, cone-beam computed tomography, mandibular canal, mandibular nerve, oral surgery, third molar
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573977, PubMed-ID: 3902800119. Juli 2024,Seiten: 309-316, Sprache: EnglischKaya, Faruk / Eliaçık, Başak Kızıltan / Koc, Hacı / Eliaçık, MustafaPurpose: Gingivitis and periodontitis are oral disorders characterised by chronic inflammation, impacting the supportive structures around teeth due to bacterial accumulation. While the role of inflammation in both periodontitis and dry eye disease (DED) has been established individually, their potential association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis and the manifestation of signs and symptoms related to DED in patients aged 18–40.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving healthy controls, DED patients with or without periodontitis, and patients with periodontitis without DED. Ophthalmic and oral examinations were performed, and demographic, ocular, and systemic disease data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and chi-squared tests.
Results: A total of 684 participants were included in the study. Significant elevations in tear osmolarity levels, increased Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (OSDI), and decreased tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer (ST-I) values were observed in DED patients with periodontitis compared to individuals with DED but without periodontitis, as well as control and periodontitis groups. Furthermore, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were found in DED patients with periodontitis.
Conclusion: The findings suggest an association between periodontitis and the severity of signs and symptoms related to DED. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding the systemic implications of periodontal disease and its potential impact on ocular health.
Schlagwörter: dry eye disease, inflammation, ocular surface, periodontitis, tear osmolarity
Open Access Online OnlyRandomised Controlled Clinical TrialDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5574011, PubMed-ID: 3904135923. Juli 2024,Seiten: 317-326, Sprache: EnglischKim, Yu-Rin / Nam, Seoul-HeePurpose: To examine the anti-caries effect of mouthwashes containing Cibotium barometz J. Smith (CB), a natural substance, and compare it with chlorhexidine and saline solution.
Materials and Methods: A randomised, blinded clinical trial was conducted on 76 study participants. The differences between the 3 gargle groups (saline gargle: SAL; chlorhexidine gargle: CHX; CB gargle group: CB) and the differences over time (baseline, after 1 week, after 2 weeks) were compared. To this end, ANOVA was performed on caries-related clinical indicators (e.g. O’Leary plaque index, caries activity, and satisfaction).
Results: The O’Leary index, caries activity, and saliva tests, gradually improved in group CB at one and two weeks. In the case of bacterial tests, unlike SAL and CHX, only in group CB did the decrease occur one and two weeks later. The caries-related indicators decreased significantly over time in group CB compared to SAL and CHX groups, and there was also a statistically significant difference in interaction between groups and time (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The mouthwash containing CB extract showed statistically significant improvement in biofilm adhesion as well as the saliva and bacterial tests compared to SAL and CHX. However, since there were differences in the initial oral conditions of the three groups, additional long-term research is needed through crossover clinical trials to supplement these.
Schlagwörter: biofilms, Cibotium barometz J. Smith, chlorhexidine, dental caries, mouthwashes
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5629079, PubMed-ID: 3905791326. Juli 2024,Seiten: 341-348, Sprache: EnglischAlmeslet, Asmaa Saleh / Aljudaibi, Suha Mohammed / Alqhtani, Mohammad Abdullah Zayed / Aseri, Abdulrahman Ahmed / Alanazi, Sultan MohammedPurpose: The objective was to evaluate the periodontal clinicoradiographic status and whole salivary prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) levels among users of water pipe and cigarettes. Materials and Methods: Demographic data, duration of smoking (pack years), and familial history of smoking were recorded using a questionnaire. Participants were allocated into three groups based on their smoking status: group 1: self-reported cigarette smokers (CS); group 2: self-reported water-pipe-users; and group 3: non-smokers. The assessment included measurements of full-mouth plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), as well as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and PgE2 levels were measured. Group comparisons were done and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-three, 34 and 33 individuals were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full mouth PI (p<0.05), GI (p<0.05), PD (p<0.05) and mesial (p<0.05) and distal (p<0.05) MBL were statistically significantly higher among patients in groups 1 and 2 than group 3. The scores of CAL in groups 1 and 2 were 3.45 ± 0.97 and 3.62 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. None of the individuals in the control group displayed CAL. PgE2 levels were statistically significantly higher among patients in groups 1 (231.5 ± 66.3 pg/ml) (p<0.05) and 2 (231.5 ± 66.3 pg/ml) (p<0.05) compared with group 3 (76.6 ± 10.6 pg/ml). In groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant relationship was observed between pack-years, the duration of water-pipe smoking, and the levels of PgE2 and PD. Conclusion: There is no difference in periodontal clinicoradiographic status and whole salivary PgE2 levels between CS and waterpipe-users; however, these parameters are worse in CS and water-pipe users than in non-smokers.
Schlagwörter: alveolar bone loss, cigarette smoking, periodontal inflammation, prostaglandin E2, unstimulated whole saliva, water pipe
Open Access Online OnlyCariologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5628793, PubMed-ID: 3905791426. Juli 2024,Seiten: 349-356, Sprache: EnglischLi, Hui / Liu, Xiaoyu / Xu, Jianhui / Li, Siwei / Li, XinPurpose: To investigate the prevalence, severity, oral distribution, and associated risk factors of carious lesions in the pri- mary teeth in children in Jinzhou, China, aged 7-9 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 1603 primary school students aged 7-9 years old from public and private schools in Jinzhou were recruited using multi-stage, stratified, and random sampling methods for cross-sectional studies. Carious lesions in the primary teeth of school-age children were detected and recorded according to the World Health Organiza- tion standard, and a questionnaire was collected from a parent or guardian with information on the relevant risk factors for the child. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of factors related to carious lesions were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence of carious lesions in the primary teeth was 74.5%, the average number of carious lesions was 3.02, and dmft was 4.08 ± 2.74. There were 655 cases (77.1%) of dental carious lesions in boys and 546 cases (72.5%) in girls, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the mother’s educational level, brushing frequency, brushing time, and consumption of soft drinks, desserts, and sweets were all associated with a higher prevalence of carious lesions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The children in our sample had a high incidence of carious lesions of the primary teeth, especially the man- dibular primary molars. Social demographic factors, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits all play an important role in the occurrence of carious lesions.
Schlagwörter: carious lesions, children, prevalence, risk factors
Open Access Online OnlyOral MedicineDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5638110, PubMed-ID: 3916198630. Juli 2024,Seiten: 357-364, Sprache: EnglischLin, Jichao / Zhou, Qianrong / Lin, Yanjun / Bi, Wei / Yu, Youcheng / Wang, QinglianPurpose: To compare short-term outcomes between membrane perforation and non-perforation patients after simultaneous external elevation with implantation. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 60 maxillary posterior tooth-loss patients with an insufficient amount of residual bone for direct implantation were enrolled. All patients underwent simultaneous external elevation and implantation, and were divided into perforation and non-perforation groups according to the postoperative Schneiderian membrane status. Results: Of the 60 patients, 30 cases (35 implants) were assigned to the membrane perforation group, and 30 (44 implants) were allocated to the non-perforation group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data (p>0.05). In the perforation group, the mean vertical bone gain (VBG) at 6 and 12 months was 6.02±2.14 mm and 5.37±2.22 mm, resp., compared to 6.78±2.59 mm and 6.42±2.64 mm in the non-perforation group, resp. (both p>0.05). Preoperative median Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) in the perforation group was 0.77 mm, which was statistically significantly thinner than the 1.24 mm measure in the non-perforation group (p<0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups at 12 months postoperatively (0.80 mm vs 1.25 mm, p>0.05). The marginal bone loss at 1 year after implant restoration in the perforation and non-perforation groups was 0.16±0.10 mm and 0.22±0.12 mm, resp. During postoperative follow-up, the implant survival rate was 100% in the two groups. The incidence of postoperative nasal bleeding in the perforation group was statistically significantly higher compared with that in the non-perforation group (50% vs 16.7%, p<0.05), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of facial swelling, intraoral bleeding, wound dehiscence and acute/chronic sinusitis between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Schneiderian membrane perforation after simultaneous external elevation and implantation do not ad- versely affect short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Schlagwörter: dental implantation, implantation complication, maxillary sinus, retrospective study, Schneiderian membrane perforation
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5656296, PubMed-ID: 391053136. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 365-372, Sprache: EnglischTuncer Hancı, Sümeyye / Güler, Eda / Hancı, ÖnderPurpose: To measure the general oral and dental health knowledge level of family medicine residents who are receiving full-time specialty training in Turkey. Primary care physicians can contribute to improving the oral and dental health of patients during general health services. Materials and Methods: The fundamentals of oral and dental health that the family medicine physicians should know about were determined, and questionnaire items on these fundamentals were prepared. The sample size was calculated as 296 individuals. The survey was conducted online. The collected data were analysed employing the following tests: chi-squared, Fisher, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni. Results: 302 family medicine residents in various clinics in Turkey participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.6 ± 5.1. The mean knowledge scores of the resident physicians were calculated as 65.2 ± 10.9 (lowest: 27; highest: 92). The majority of resident physicians stated that they did not receive training on oral and dental health during their residency training, and that they agreed with the idea of integrating it into the residency training curriculum. Conclusions: The general knowledge level of family medicine residents in Turkey about oral and dental health was found to be moderate.
Schlagwörter: community dental health, family medicine, oral and dental health, preventive dentistry, preventive medicine
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5656148, PubMed-ID: 391053146. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 373-380, Sprache: EnglischAshour, Amal Adnan / Alqarni, Ali AbdullahPurpose: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and oral disorders remains unclear. This study examined the prevalence and types of dental abnormalities and oral mucosal lesions among female students with obesity attending a Taif University sports centre. Materials and Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study enrolled female students with high BMI from a university sports facility using a convivence sampling method. The participants were divided into three BMI groups. Data were collected using an interview and by clinical oral examination. Prevalence and oral disorder types and possible mechanisms linking BMI and dental development were evaluated. Results: Ultimately, 86 female students with obesity were analysed. The mean BMI was 42.8 kg/m2, indicating high obesity levels. A weak although statistically significant correlation was observed between age and BMI (r=0.27), indicating that older students had higher BMI. A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities (p0.05). The dental abnormality prevalence increased with BMI, ranging from 37.5% to 40.7% in the ≤40 and >45 kg/m2 groups, respectively. Most participants (66.3%) had oral mucosal lesions, with the highest prevalence among participants in the 40–45 kg/m2 group (71.4%). Conclusion: A statistically significant relationship was observed between BMI and dental abnormalities; obesity may negatively affect oral health.
Schlagwörter: body mass index, dental abnormalities, obesity, oral mucosal lesions, Saudi female
Open Access Online OnlyPeriodontologyDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5656312, PubMed-ID: 391053156. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 381-388, Sprache: EnglischChai, Mei / Zhang, Jinzhong / Meng, Qianjiao / Liu, AndongPurpose: To analyse the relative expression and diagnostic potential of lncRNA XIST (XIST) in peri-implantitis, and explore the related mechanism of XIST in peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: XIST expression in saliva of patients with peri-implantitis was detected by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic significance of XIST in peri-implantitis was assessed by ROC curve. Clinical indicators of the included patients were collected and the correlation between XIST levels and peri-implant indicators was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay confirmed the targeting relationship of XIST with downstream factors. Results: Salivary XIST levels were obviously higher in patients with peri-implantitis than in the healthy control group, and the AUC value for identifying patients was 0.8742 with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.5% and 81.4%. Patients in the peri-implantitis group had higher levels of plaque index (PLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and probing depth (PD) than those in the healthy control group, and the expression of XIST was positively correlated with PLI, SBI, and PD levels. In addition, miR-150-5p was confirmed to be a potential downstream target of XIST. Conclusion: XIST was overexpressed in the saliva of patients with peri-implantitis and correlated with the severity of the disease. XIST has high diagnostic significance for detecting peri-implantitis.
Schlagwörter: diagnosis, miR-150-5p peri-implantitis, periodontal indicators, XIST
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5656322, PubMed-ID: 391053166. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 389-398, Sprache: EnglischRusyan, Ewa / Strużycka, Izabela / Lussi, Adrian / Grabowska, Ewa / Mielczarek, AgnieszkaPurpose: To investigate the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and evaluate the determinants of ETW among adolescents and adults in Poland. Materials and Methods: The study covered three age groups of patients: 15 years old, 18 years old, and adults aged 35-44 years. Calibrated examiners measured ETW according to the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) scoring system in 6091 patients. The clinical examination of patients was preceded by a socio-medical study based on a questionnaire consisting of items identifying potential risk factors for ETW. Results: In all age groups, erosive lesions were most common in the form of initial enamel damage; more advanced lesions (BEWE 2 and 3) were rarely observed among 15-year-olds, while in the group of older adolescents and adults, the percentages were 13% and 20%, respectively. Acidic diet, gender, level of education, and medical conditions were statistically significantly associated with ETW in the examined population. The analysis showed that, depending on age, multiple and statistically significant risk factors for ETW become most apparent in the 35-44 age group, especially with regard to general health. This suggests that the long-term impact of factors and their cumulative effects are critical to the development of ETW. Conclusions: This is the first large, representative study of ETW in Central and Eastern Europe among adolescents and adults, which indicates the relatively rare occurrence and severity of erosive lesions. The present findings support other longitudinal studies supporting the use of the BEWE system as a valuable standard for assessing erosive lesions and related risk factors among different populations at different ages.
Schlagwörter: BEWE, dental erosion, epidemiological study, risk factors
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5680746, PubMed-ID: 3913643513. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 399-408, Sprache: EnglischArcher, Hannah R. / Li, Nicky (Huan) / Kennedy, Erinne / Aldosari, Muath A.Purpose: This analysis aims to evaluate the association between the time since and reason for a patient’s last dental appointment across clinical oral health outcomes. Materials and Methods: We used data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional, nationally-representative survey of noninstitutionalized US adults. The predictors were the time since and the reason for the last dental appointment (routine vs. urgent). We examined the presence and number of missing teeth and teeth with untreated coronal and root caries. Multivariable regression models with interaction were used to assess the association between the time since the last dental appointment and clinical oral health outcomes among routine and urgent users separately. Results: Two-thirds of the US population had a dental appointment within a year, while nearly 44 million individuals did not visit a dentist for the last three years. The odds of having teeth with untreated coronal or root caries increased with the length of time since the last appointment, and urgent users had worse dental outcomes compared to routine users. Compared to those who had a dental appointment within a year, individuals who had their last dental appointment more than 3 years ago had 2.94 times the average number of teeth with untreated caries among routine users (95%CI=2.39, 3.62) and 1.60 times the average among urgent users (95%CI=1.05, 2.43). Conclusions: Recent, routine dental appointments are associated with improved oral health outcomes. The outcomes reiterate how social determinants of health impact access to oral health care and oral health outcomes.
Schlagwörter: dental appointments, dental attendance, dental caries, oral health disparities, routine care
Open Access Online OnlyOral HealthDOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5683229, PubMed-ID: 3914986816. Aug. 2024,Seiten: 409-416, Sprache: EnglischSekundo, Caroline / Ottensmeier, Friederike / Rues, Stefan / Staehle, Hans Jörg / Pujades, Manuel / Frese, CorneliaPurpose: This study aimed to develop a systematic interdental brush set with size distribution based on the passage hole diameter (PHD), addressing existing gaps in size selection criteria for effective interdental cleaning. Materials and Methods: In the first step, an interdental brush set that ascends stepwise according to the PHD value was envisioned. The study was divided into three phases: (i) in-vitro determination of PHD values of a currently existing assortment on the market by 13 calibrated dental professionals, (ii) in-vitro assessment of forces during insertion, and (iii) creation and evaluation of new prototypes for missing or non-matching PHD sizes. Intra- and inter-rater reliability, assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as well as insertion forces and PHD sizes at all stages were reported. Results: In the existing range, three interdental brushes fitting the desired PHD sizes were initially identified. Mean insertion forces between 0.3 and 1.7 N were documented based on raters’ PHD choices. Two additional rounds of measurements with prototypes adapted in diameter and shape were necessary, particularly for PHD values of 1.4, 2.3 and 2.6. High intra- and inter-rater reliability was observed throughout the study (ICC > 0.95), ensuring consistent evaluations. After three rounds of assessments, a prototype was successfully identified for each targeted PHD value in the systematised set, showcasing reliable sizing and insertion forces. Conclusion: Using a structured approach, a comprehensive interdental brush set was developed with reliable PHD sizing and moderate insertion forces. The verification of size reliability through measurements by dentists represents a novelty in development and underlines the importance of accurate brush size selection for optimal biofilm control. Whether a systematic set based on the PHD value offers added value for clinical practice, and at what intervals, must be demonstrated in further studies.
Schlagwörter: interdental brush, systematic set, interdental hygiene