Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variations in cytokine genes
involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, could be associated with its occurrence, an issue
that remains controversial and may vary according to the population evaluated.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 102 Portuguese
Caucasian individuals divided into two groups: 43 individuals with peri-implantitis and 59
individuals with peri-implant health. Samples from the buccal mucosa were obtained and genetic
analysis was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for IL-1A
and IL-1B and using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for IL-1RN.
Results: The IL-1A -889 C/T polymorphism showed a higher prevalence of the less common
allele (T allele) in cases of peri-implantitis than in healthy cases (27.9% vs 16.9%, respectively),
but without statistical significance (p = 0.060). For the IL-1B +3954 C/T and IL-1RN (variable
number of tandem repeats) polymorphisms, the analysis revealed that the allele and genotype
frequencies did not differ significantly between groups. There was a significant association
between a history of periodontitis and peri-implantitis (p = 0.020).
Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms evaluated had no influence on the occurrence of periimplantitis
in the population studied. Further research into genetic variations in different
populations is needed to elucidate the role of genetic factors in the onset and progression of periimplant
disease.
Keywords: Keywords:dental implants, peri-implantitis, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, interleukin-1, genetic polymorphisms.