Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-type 2 (rhBMP-2) is used in oral and maxillofacial procedures due to its endochondral bone formation capacity, and this is also the reason for its use off-label in jaw reconstruction. This study reports a case of an extensive central giant cell lesion along the mandibular body and symphysis. Treatment consisted of enucleation and curettage followed by off-label use of rhBMP-2 associated with bovine bone xenograft. The literature concerning mandibular reconstruction using rhBMP-2 was also reviewed. Keywords: bone graft, bone morphogenetic protein-type 2, mandibular reconstruction, xenograft