Ninety sites were treated with either sinus augmentation therapy using only Bio- Oss (31 sites), or extraction socket and ridge augmentation therapy using only Bio- Oss beneath secured resorbable or titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membranes (59 sites). Core biopsies were taken at intervals ranging from 4 to 13 months. The 12 core biopsies taken 12 to 13 months postoperative (five sinus augmentation sites and seven extraction socket/ridge augmentation sites) demonstrated distinct Bio-Oss particles in an average of only 0.13% of the core biopsy volume. Bone regeneration was evident in all specimens.