Today's patients are increasingly conscious of personal appearance, and much attention has been focused on denuded roots that are exposed during smiling. These concerns have given rise to numerous approaches for covering denuded root surfaces. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rh-PDGF-BB) + β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) for the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects in humans. Thirty-six systemically healthy patients were randomly assigned to the PDGF, SCTG, and coronally positioned flap (CPF) groups. The PDGF and SCTG groups were treated with rhPDGF-BB + β-TCP and SCTG, respectively, while the CPF group was treated with a CPF alone. Clinical measurements including probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), and relative gingival margin level (RGML) were measured at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. After 6 months, mean reduction in gingival recession in the PDGF and SCTG groups was 2.0 ± 0.6 mm and 2.6 ± 0.9 mm, respectively, whereas in the CPF group it was 1.7 ± 0.9 mm. The PDGF group showed mean root coverage of 87.7%, the SCTG group showed 91.3%, and the CPF group showed 68.6% at 6 months postsurgery. The combination of rhPDGF-BB and β-TCP represented a therapeutic combination that was effective in treating multiple gingival recession defects. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2014;34:241-249. doi: 10.11607/prd.1726)