International Poster Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine, 02/2009

The aim of the study was to investigate the character of contacts between cells and surface of dental materials used in pediatric dentistry. The materials used Ketac Molar, Fuji II LC, GC Fuji II, Tetric EvoCeram, hybride composite resin of NuSmile crown, Dyract flow, stainless steel (NuSmile crown), Nichrom crown, and Safargam+ non gamma 2 were tested. HeLa cell line was used for the tests. The cells were cultivated in MEM medium containing 10% FCS antibiotics. After 72 hours of cultivation the samples were fixed and processed for investigation in a scanning electron microscope. The growth inhibition test was performed on HeLa line cells. The cell culture growth was observed in Nicon Eclipse TE 200-E microscope for 24 hours and recorded in 2 min. intervals by NIS-Elements AR program. The following results were achieved. Cells of HeLa cell culture continuously covered surfaces of most materials tested except for Safargam+ non gamma 2. The cells were connected to surfaces by large cell processes. The cell surface was irregular, and the cells sent numerous fine projections into their surroundings. Regularly, larger or smaller vesicles and cells in various stages of mitoses were observed. The growth inhibition was recorded only in Safargam+ non gama 2 and stainless steel in the extent that can be considered cytotoxic. In remaining materials a curve, after the incipient cessation, increased steadily. The conclusion is commonly used dental materials are not always fully cytotolerant. Safargam and stainless steel have been found to be even of cytotoxic character. Keywords: pediatric dentistry, cultivation, HeLa-line, cytotoxicity, cytotolerance, dental materials

Long-Term Results 10 Years After Periodontal Therapy, B. Pretzl, and P. Eickholz, Zentrum fur-Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Poliklinik für ZEH, Heidelberg, Germany Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess factors contributing to the long-term effect of periodontal treatment 10 years after initiation of antiinfectious therapy. The main outcome variable of this analysis was tooth loss. Methods: 36 adult patients were recruited for the study. Inclusion criteria were full-mouth radiographs from the beginning of therapy and completion of antiinfectious therapy. Clinical examinations including periodontal findings, Plaque (PCR) and Gingival (GBI) Index, samples for analysis of interleukin-1 polymorphism (IL-1), and a detailled questionary on smoking habits, dental care, social status, and nutrition were obtained by the same examiner. Additionally periodontal conditions were surveyed according to the criteria of the Swiss Dental Association. Medical files were searched for initial diagnosis, documentation of tooth loss, regularity of maintenance and prognosis index (Checchi et al. 2002). The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS using linear regression. Results: The following means of tooth loss per patient were observed: gender (male/female): 1.06±1.34/ 1.53±2.20; smoking (no/yes): 1.22±1.95/ 1.56±1.51; IL-1 polymorphism (yes/no): 0.63±0.74/ 1.27±1.33; prognosis (A/B,C): 0.79±1.42/ 1.62±2.06; initial diagnosis (moderate chronic/severe chronic, aggressive periodontitis): 0.67±1.66/ 1.52±1.87; regular maintenance (yes/no): 0.71±0,85/ 2.13±2.47. Stepwise linear multiple regression revealed increased tooth loss for irregular maintenance patients (p=0.017). Conclusions: Some criteria seem to interact with tooth loss whereas only regular maintenance could be proven to be statistically significant preventive of tooth loss. Keywords: GTR, Langzeitergebnisse

The transcription factor NF-kB is involved in the regulation of the expression of inflammatory genes. Its expression is influenced, among others, by a -94 ins/delATTG polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of this genomic variant for the incidence of chronic and aggressive periodontitis and its clinical markers. Patients and Methods: In the present study 73 patients with aggressive periodontitis (mean age: 41+9.8y, 37.4% males), 59 patients with chronic periodontitis (mean age: 48.8+9.8y, 33.9% males) and 75 control probands without periodontitis (mean age: 46.3+10.6y, 46.7 % males) were included. Clinical parameter including smoking status, plaque and bleeding indexes, pocket depth and attachment loss were assessed. Subgingival bacterial colonization was analyzed molecular biologically using the micro-Ident® test (Hain-Diagnostik, Nehren). We investigated genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphism by analysis of the fragment length in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: Bivariate statistical analyses showed no association of this polymorphism with the incidence of chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Investigating a del-dominant genetic model (ins/ins vs. ins/del + del/del), it could be shown, that carrier of del-genotypes and del-allele had an increased risk for subgingival colonization with A.a. (genotype: p=0.04, allele: p=0.03) und P.i. (genotype: p=0.037, allel: p=0.042). In multivariate analyses considering confounding factors (age, gender, smoking status and pocket depth), del-genotypes and del-allele could be proven as independent risk factors for subgingival colonization with A.a. and P.i. Conclusions: The results suggest, that carriers of del-genotypes and del-allele, respectively, show an increased bacterial colonization with A.a. and P.i. This finding could be possibly caused by an alteration in immune response due to a del-associated decrease in promoter activity. Keywords: Parodontitis, NF-kB, Polymorphismus

Objectives: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) is an important patient-centered endpoint. As a part of oral health program development a baseline survey of Chilean and German dental students was performed in order to explore educational experiences and knowledge concerning OHRQL. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among 74 Chilean and 50 German dental students in 4th and 5th grade with questions related to OHRQL knowledge. The instrument included questions related OHRQL as a parameter to measure need and results of treatment of a patient . The data was analyzed with chi-square test and was considered significant for p Keywords: Oral Health Related Quality of Life, Student's Knowledge, Germany, Chile

The yeasts of the Candida genus represent an important part of the normal oral microflora, including dental plaque. Their ability to produce organic acids during the fermentation of carbohydrates partakes in cariogenic effects of dental plaque. The most common yeast in the oral cavity is Candida albicans but Candida dubliniensis has been also isolated relatively often from this location, especially in immunocompromised HIV+ patients. Its prevalence is, however, highly variable. The study aims to evaluate the occurrence of C. dubliniensis in the dental plaque samples obtained from children affected by Early Childhood Caries (ECC), and to assess reliability of methods used for the differentiation between C.dubliniensis and C.albicans. In this study, 308 samples from the ECC suffering and healthy children were examined. The species identification was established using morphological characteristics, characteristic growth on CHROM Agar and Staib Agar, growth at 45°C, assimilation tests ID 32C and latex agglutination as well as genotypic method PCR-RFLP. We have identified 16 strains (14,5%) of C.dubliniensis from the total amount of 110 isolated strains. All the C.dubliniensis isolates originated from ECC patients. The number of C.albicans represents 77,3% (85) of isolates. Conclusion. C.dubliniensis is a frequent part of the dental plaque in ECC affected children. PCR-RFLP and latex agglutination are more suitable for the differentiation between C.dubliniensis and C.albicans if compared with the other methods used. Keywords: oral microbiology, ECC, pedodontics, dental plaque, yeasts, candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, phenotypic methods, genotypic methods

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate automated ribotyping with EcoRI restriction enzyme (RiboPrinter® microbial characterization system) for typing and identification of Streptococcus mutans, which is considered to be the principal etiological agent in human dental caries. Methods: In total, 29 clinical isolates and two reference S. mutans strains obtained from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms (http://www.sci.muni.cz/ccm/ ) were analyzed. The clinical isolates were retrieved from dental plaque of early childhood caries affected children treated in the Department of Pedodontics (Children's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic). The automatic characterization process performed by the RiboPrinter system separated analysed strains into 24 ribogroups, however automatic identification did not assigned any strain to the species level. Further cluster analysis of obtained riboprints performed by the BioNumerics software and manual inspection and correction of the automatic ribopatterns categorization revealed two more ribogroups unrecognized by the RiboPrinter and included two single strains into already existing ribogroups. Results: Overall, 20 ribotypes containing bands ranging from approx. 60 to 6 kbp were detected among analysed strains, except strain CCM 7410 revealing an extra 0.7 kbp band. Similarity values between individual patterns obtained from dendrogram constructed with Pearson\'s correlation coefficients using UPGMA clustering method ranged from 42.3 to 97.6 %. Conclusion: Our results imply RiboPrinter® microbial characterization system as a good tool for S. mutans intraspecies typing purposes although careful inspection of obtained automatic characterization results is needed to obtain reliable outcomes. Financial support from projects 1M0528 and MSM0021622416 is acknowledged. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, oral microbiology, dental plaque, ECC, pedodontics, automated ribotyping, EcoRI restriction enzyme, rep-PCR fingerprinting, Whole-cell protein fingerprinting

Introduction: There are sometimes publications in the implantological literature about new records, in which time implants can be loaded. They are reporting about "one day" and "few hours". Sometimes there is no difference between prosthetical supply and functional loading. The definition of immediate loading is partially different. Objectives: Is it really possible to load immediately interforaminal implants under the conditions of the common dental practice? Which prosthetical concept permits this in the shortest time? Which components, methods and modifications are necessary? Material and methods: Four Ankylos® implants were inserted interforamial in the edentulous mandible. They were loaded under six different prosthetical conditions: A1 bar - immediate loading A2 bar - late loading B1 prefabricated conicle crowns (Syncone®) - immediate loading B2 prefabricated conicle crowns (Syncone®) - late loading C1 individual telescopic crowns - conventional (cast) technique C2 individual telescopic crowns - new methods (circonia, galvano) The components, the protocol and the characteristics were analyzed in consideration of the costs and the needed time until the completition. The impression and the loading were started immediately after the implant insertion. Late loadings were realized after a three-months healing periode and the exposure operation. Results: The definition of the functional loading of implants by hybride protheses is "Immediate" (within 24 hours), "Early" (within 3 days) and "Late" (within 6 weeks). The shortest possible time until the incorporation under realistic and reproductable conditions is: A1 Early loading in minimum 30 hours A2 Late loading with completition in about 2-3 weeks (german master lab) B1 Immediate loading in 24 hours B2 Late loading with completition in about 1-2 weeks (german master lab) C1 Late loading with completition in about 2-3 weeks (german master lab) C2 Late loading with completition in about 2-4 weeks (german master lab) Discussion: The meantime use of standard abutments and standard impression caps as a multi purpose deviceis necessary to simplify and increase the treatment and fabrication. The immediate loading with a definite hybride prosthesis is only possible under practice conditions by the using of the (conicle) crown system Syncone®. The cooperation with an import lab doesn't make sense because far distance causes longer distribution time. The shortening of the protocol by the modification of components and methods spares time and money. The intraoral connection of the impression caps by light curing acrylic resin allows the fabrication of a quick and precise "impression tray" for early loading by a bar: * fabrication of a partial cast to build the bar with quick-setting plaster * temporary bite registration with standard abutments as a support * resting of the definite bite registration device on standard abutments * fabrication of a device for the intraoral myofunctional bite registration on Syncone®-caps * Intraoral assembling and combinding of the secondary parts with the prosthesis by light- and self curing acrylic resin. Keywords: interforaminal implants, overdentures, time of loading, components, prosthetical concepts, protocol modification

The identification of skeletons by dental means is based on the maceration of the jaws, photography, X-rays, X-ray examination and comparison with AM documents. The case of two German soldiers, killed in World War II and found after more than 60 years, shows the importance of recording odontological details of the armed forces servicemen. Age estimation by different methods, e.g. by the methods of KVAAL and BANG/RAMM, not always lead to accurate results. Keywords: forensic odontology, age estimation, documentation, identification

The apical growth of epithelium is a common complication following surgical parodontal therapy. Absorbable and non-absorbable membranes have been used over the last three decades as mechanical barriers to this undesired epithelial growth. Textile scaffolds seem all the more applicable, in that they allow for the local regeneration of lost tissue when colonized with autologous cells. The aim of this study was to examine the proliferation behaviour of human gingival fibroblasts on poly glycolide (PGA) fleece samples of various thickness and porosity. The fleece samples were produced in cooperation with the Institute for Textile Technology (ITA) RWTH Aachen. Keywords: tissue engineering, polyglycolide acid, human gingival fibroblasts, cell culture