International Poster Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine, 01/2010

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to examine the validity of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) by exploring the association between oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) with the overall well-being in a random population sample of 11- to 14-year-old children in Germany. Patients and Methods: 1589 children were drawn from a nation-wide sample considering the size of the selected communities. The children completed the German version of the CPQ11-14 questionnaire consisting of 50 questions about oral problems with 5 options for responding (the problem can occur: very often, often, sometimes, hardly often, never). Additionally, the children were interviewed for their overall well-being, which was measured using a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (excellent general health) to 5 (very bad general health). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed to test the differences of CPQ11-14 summary score between the different groups using SPSS 16.0. Results: Following mean CPQ-G scores were evaluated within the different overall well-being groups: score 1 (excellent): 7.1 (± 7.5), score 2 (good): 9.0 (± 7.7), score 3 (moderate): 11.9 (± 10.1), score 4 (bad): 18.5 (± 15.6), score 5 (very bad): 20.5 (± 20.5). ANOVA revealed significant differences between the groups (p Keywords: oral health-related quality of life, Child Perceptions Questionnaire, validation

Objectives: Hypersensitive teeth are substantially associated with impaired oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The problems that are most important to patients with hypersensitive teeth and whether problem frequency changes with treatment are not known. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile, we investigated the frequency of oral health-related problems reported by patients with dentin hypersensitivity and whether problem frequency improved after treatment. Methods: In 163 German dental offices, 509 patients participated in a multi-center field trial of dentin hypersensitivity treatment. The patients completed the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G) before and after 21 days of home use of an AmF-containing toothpaste, a mouthrinse (AmF/KF), and a toothbrush specially designed to treat hypersensitivity (elmex SENSITIVE). Changes in the frequency of problems reported in the individual OHIP domains were characterized by the difference of the mean summary score for each domain between baseline and follow-up. Results: At baseline, the 5 most often reported problems were: hypersensitive teeth (78%), food catching in the teeth (36.5%), worried by dental problems (25.9%), sore gum (24.9%), and uncomfortable to eat (23.6%). After 21 days of home use of three products to treat hypersensitive teeth, positive changes in OHIP domain were observed. Functional limitation: Baseline 6.9 vs. Follow-up 4.8, Pain: 10.8 vs. 6.6, Psychological discomfort: 4.3 vs. 2.5, Physical disability: 4.7 vs. 2.8, Psychological disability: 3.4 vs. 1.9, Social disability: 1.7 vs. 1.0, Handicap: 2.7 vs. 1.6. Conclusions: Beyond pain, hypersensitive teeth are related to a wide range of problems assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile. In addition to reduction of pain, patients with hypersensitive teeth reported an improvement in all domains of oral health-related quality of life after treatment. The study was supported by GABA Germany. Keywords: oral health-related quality of life, dentin hypersensitivity

Objectives: Different technologies are available for the manufacturing of denture-base-resins (DBR) with different types of polymerization. Aim of this study was to investigate the dimensional accuracy of conventional and modern DBRs after polymerization depending on type of polymerization and manufacturing technology. Methods: Ten standardized denture bases from 7 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins (auto-polymerizing PMMA: ProBase Cold, Futura Gen, PalaXpress / heat-polymerizing PMMA: Paladon 65, SR-Ivocap, Futuracryl 2000 / industrially pre-polymerized PMMA: Polyan) were fabricated on identical casts (n=70). Depending on product and manufacturers instructions 4 different manufacturing technologies were applied (conventional-flasking: ProBase Cold, Paladon 65 / pneumatic-pressing: PalaXpress, SR-Ivocap / manual-pressing: Futura Gen, Futuracryl 2000 / injection-moulding: Polyan). The dorsal gap (DG) between resin base and master cast represents a measure of fit and accuracy of a polymerized denture. DG was measured at 5 points (palatal centre, bilateral vertical/horizontal border)using a light-microscope (x500). For each DBR the average DG was calculated. Data were analyzed for statistical differences and correlations (ANOVA, Bonferroni P Keywords: polymerization, PMMA, dimensional change, dorsal gap

Objectives: General objectives were based on multidisciplinary research of biomaterials used in dental medicine and are focused on the mechanical properties of dental prostheses. Materials and Method: We evaluated the mechanical properties of heat-cure resins, such as Meliodent (Heraeus Kulzer, Senden, Germany) and Royaldent Plus (Palatinal Foggyarto Kft., Budapest, Hungary). In accordance with complete-denture technology, we made samples from these materials, which were tested with Zwick Roell equipment (testXpert software). Results: There were noticeable differences, depending on material type. Based on tensile tests, we determined stress-strain diagrams for the comparative evaluation of Royaldent and Meliodent mechanical properties: (for Royaldent) ultimate tensile strength, 71.5 MPa; yield strength, 4.24 MPa; total elongation, 8.46 %; Young\'s modulus, 1019.25 MPa; (for Meliodent) ultimate tensile strength, 63.29 MPa; yield strength, 4.22 MPa; total elongation, 7.9 %; Young\'s modulus, 1215 MPa. Based on data tests and processed statistics and diagrams, stress-strain was determined by a theoretical characteristic curve of linear variation according to the equation: (σ - Tensile Stress [MPa]; ε - Strain [%]). To determine a and b parameters, we used the program Table CurveTM 2D, where stress and specific deformation registered values were defined, based on defined data from which we selected, as a theoretical characteristic curve, the diagram that best described the represented points set. Conclusions: The methods allowed for the evaluation of the tensile strength of dental prostheses, and the certification of dental materials\' quality. The registered results showed the brittle characteristics leading to material breaking, illustrated by stress-strain shape diagrams and samples breaking without registering massive plastic deformation. Keywords: heat curing resins, mechanical properties, stress/strain diagrams

Objectives: The purpose of this prospective randomized clinical study was to compare the clinical performance of the new self-etching adhesive system AdheSE One in combination with the composite Tetric Evo Ceram and the influence of the additional application of the flowable resin composite Tetric Flow after two years. Methods: In 50 patients 25 class I and 75 class II cavities were placed with at least two restorations per patient. The adhesive system AdheSE One was used for all the restorations. In one of the two fillings in each patient, an additional layer of the flowable resin composite Tetric Flow was applied in the entire cavity and separately light-cured. The fillings were placed under rubber dam. All materials were used as recommended by the manufacturer. Two clinicians evaluated the restorations at baseline, two week following placement, and at the six month recall visit according to the modified clinical criteria of Ryge. For this sensitivity, hypersensitivity, marginal discoloration, marginal adaption, recurrent caries, surface, color match, proximal contact and filling integrity were considered. All data were analyzed by Man-Whitney-U-test. Results: After two years 44 patients could be re-examined. All teeth remained vital and did not show any signs of postoperative sensitivity. Marginal adaption code Bravo could be evaluated in seven fillings (four with flowable liner, three without). In three teeth a filling integrity was scored as Bravo (two with and one without fowable liner). None of the teeth showed signs of secondary caries. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between techniques for any of the evaluation criteria (p>0.05, Man-Whitney-U-test). Conclusions: After two years the use of a flowable composite showed no significant impact on the clinical performance of class-I and -II restorations. The self-etch adhesive AdheSE One might be a promising alternative to other systems. This study was supported by Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany. Keywords: clinical study, dentin adhesion, dentin, composite filling, bonding agent

Objectives: to describe the variation and interplay of findings for peri-implant health and associated factors among individuals attending a professional University-based recall system. Methods: 74 individuals scheduled for their annual implant maintenance appointment, asked to participate, gave written informed consent. Following an update of the patients\' medical history investigative procedures were performed to evaluate the peri-implant health. The study was approved by the local Ethical committee (136/2002V). In patients with multiple implantations only one implant was randomly chosen. 50 patients had been treated with fixed prostheses, the remaining patients had removable dentures. 40 individuals reported on cardiovascular disease as primary medical affection, 23 on other internal diseases. The intra-oral diagnostic procedures included determination of routine hygiene findings, implant stability assessment (Periotest method), and PCR diagnostics of the periodonto-pathogenic bacteria species Aggregatibacter actionmycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola. Statistical analysis used explorative data analysis, X²-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis. Level of significance was set at p Keywords: patient history, implant maintenance, microbiology, oral hygiene

Objectives: The choice of the appropriate scaffold is a major focus in chondral tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: Porcine chondral cells were expanded by cell culture. Five different materials served as scaffolds: TissueFleece, Bio-Oss®, Chondro-Gide®, Hydoxylapatite (HA) and Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP). Cell vitality was assessed by fluorescin diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) staining, biocompatibility with LDH and BrdU, MTT, WST tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: All probes showed viable chondral cells. All biocompatibility tests revealed that proliferation on all scaffolds was similar to controls. Chondral cells formed layers covering the surfaces of all five scaffolds in SEM. Keywords: tissue engineering, Knorpel, Biokompatibilität, Matrixmaterialien

Background: Periodontitis is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Periodontopathogens induce innate responses amongst others via CD14, TLR 2 and 4 resulting in activation of NF-kB. Functional important SNPs are described for these genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate links between SNP and the subgingival occurrence of periodontopathogens. Patients and Methods: 141 periodontitis patients and 81 healthy controls without periodontitis were included in the study. SNPs in CD14 (c.-159C>T), in TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile), in TLR2 (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln), and in NF-kB (-94ins/delATTG) were determined by RFLP. Subgingival bacterial colonization was analysed molecularbiologically using the micro-Ident®test. Results: Associations between genotype and the occurrence of periodontopathogens could be shown: Heterozygous carriers of the Arg753Gln SNP in TLR2 are at a higher risk for the occurrence of bacteria of the "red complex" (p=0.042). P. intermedia occurred less frequently in individuals positive for the TT genotype of CD14 (p=0.045). Homozygous del/del carriers of the NF-kB SNP had a higher risk for subgingival colonization with A. actinomycetemcomitans (p=0.031). In binary logistic regression analyses, the associations for SNP in CD14 (OR=3.22, CI: 1.23-8.33, p=0.017) and NF-kB (OR=2.7, CI: 1.04-6.98, p=0.042) could be proven considering age, gender, smoking, and clinical attachment loss or approximal plaque index, respectively, as confounding factors. No genotype dependent association with subgingival occurrence of periodontopathogens could be proven for SNPs in TLR4 and TLR2 (Arg677Trp). Conclusions: SNPs in candidate genes responsible for the bacterial recognition and elimination could be shown to be associated with the subgingival occurrence of periodontopathogens. The analysis of the disease related genetic pattern may help to identify early persons at high periodontal risk and improve the success of the periodontal therapy. Keywords: periodontitis, periodontopathogens, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, SNP

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate microtensile bond strength of a self-etching resin cement (Bifix SE, Voco, Germany) after irrigation with different endodontic irrigants (0.2% chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochloride, 19% EDTA) on root dentin in vitro. Methods: 75 single rooted extracted teeth, stored in saline for a maximum of fourteen days after extraction were included. All teeth were specially prepared allowing the evaluation on root canal dentin. The specimens were randomly assigned to five experimental groups of fifteen samples each: Group 1: Control, Bifix SE/ no irrigation solution; group 2: Bifix SE/ chlorhexidine (CHX); group 3: Bifix SE/ sodium hypochloride (NaOCl); group 4: Bifix SE/ chlorhexidine and sodium hypochloride; group 5: Bifix SE/ EDTA. The different solutions were applied five times for 2 minutes each. Microtensile bond strength was measured 15 minutes after application using an universal testing machine (Z005, Zwick). All materials were applied as recommended by the manufacturer and light-cured for 60 seconds. Results: For the five test series following microtensile bond strengths were evaluated (mean value and standard deviation in MPa): Group 1: 37.0 (±2.8); group 2: 27.5 (±3.6); group 3: 27.6 (± 2.8); group 4: 27.5 (± 3.0); group 5: 42.3 (± 3.2). Bifix SE showed the highest bond strengths after the use of EDTA as iirgation solution (p Keywords: resin cements, tensile bond strength, dentin bonding, dentin, endodontic irrigation solutions

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare microtensile bond strength of a self-etching resin cement (Bifix SE, Voco, Germany) with an established resin cement system (Bifix, Futurabond DC, Voco, Germnay) on different root canal dentin localizations (coronal, cervical and apical) in vitro. Methods: In this study 90 single rooted extracted teeth, stored in saline for a maximum of thirty days after extraction were used. All teeth were specially prepared allowing the evaluation of microtensile bond strength on root canal dentin. The specimens were randomly assigned to six experimental groups of fifteen samples each: Group 1: Bifix/ coronal dentin; group 2: Bifix/ cervical dentin; group 3: Bifix/ apical dentin; group 4: Bifix SE/ coronal dentin; group 5: Bifix SE/ cervical dentin; group 6: Bifix SE/ apical dentin. Microtensile bond strength was measured 15 minutes after application using an universal testing machine (Z005, Zwick). All materials were applied as recommended by the manufacturer and light-cured for 60 seconds. Results: The material combination Bifix with Futurabond DC showed in coronal region 34.7 MPa, in cervial region 30.1 MPa and in apical region 30.9 MPa. In the case of Bifix SE in coronal dentin 48.8 MPa, in cervical dentin 37.0 MPa and in apical region 30.4 MPa were evaluated. Regarding both resin cements, Bifix SE showed singnificantly higher bond strengths on coronal and cervical dentin (p Keywords: resin cements, microtensile bond strength, root canal dentin, endodontic irrigation solutions