Purpose: This randomized clinical trial assessed how surface roughness (Ra) in resilient liners was affected by soft tissue health conditions and time-related aspects in patients with complete dentures. Methods: Specimens of acrylic resin (control) and denture liners (silicone-based or acrylic resin-based) were inserted into the dentures of patients with and without denture stomatitis (n = 30). Ra was evaluated before denture insertion and after 7, 14, and 21 days of prosthesis wearing. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results: Patients with stomatitis showed a higher Ra (P .001), while all liners presented rougher surfaces after 14 days of clinical service, irrespective of the soft tissue health condition. Conclusion: Ra of the tested denture liners was increased in patients with denture stomatitis. It is presumed that a longer wearing period will result in rougher surfaces.