A consecutive series of 103 surgeries in 82 patients was studied from the normal clinical population of a periodontal specialty practice. Four different techniques were employed: free gingival grafts, free connective tissue grafts, pedicle flaps, and combined techniques. Gingival augmentation using free gingival grafts was the most predictable, with 100% of cases showing a gain of >= 3 mm. The average root coverage was 2.47 mm overall but was most predictable with a combined technique, with 93% gaining >= 2 mm. Miller Class 4 cases were most predictably treated with pedicle flaps and a combined technique. Smokers and patients with more complex sites showed less improvement. Mandibular central incisors and maxillary canines were the most commonly grafted teeth.