Currently, methods of modern imaging are increasingly assuming a predominant position in diagnostics and therapy. Larger and larger amounts of sensitive data and information are generated, processed and - frequently with inadequate protection - transmitted through generally accessible networks. The Internet is used especially intensively as a medium for transporting digital data; at the same time, protection of sensitive data is frequently neglected to a high degree by medical professionals. The present contribution is therefore intended to provide an overview of currently valid standards and legal regulations, as well as suitable encoding methods relevant for the dental practice. Keywords: risks of data misuse, safety gaps in e-mail communication, legal background of patient data processing, encoding methods for use in the practice and clinic